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20th-century theology is a book category covering Christian theological thought and movements that developed from roughly 1900–2000, reflecting responses to modernity, two world wars, scientific advances, secularization, and global social movements. It encompasses major currents—neo-orthodoxy, liberal theology, existential and dialectical theology, process theology, liberation and Black theologies, feminist and queer theology, Roman Catholic renewal (e.g., ressourcement/Vatican II), Pentecostalism, and ecumenical theology—along with developments in biblical criticism, doctrinal reformulation, ethics, and pastoral practice. Works in this category include primary theologians’ texts (Barth, Tillich, Bultmann, Bonhoeffer, Rahner, Moltmann, Gutiérrez, Cone, etc.), historical and critical studies, comparative surveys, and topical treatments (Christology, sin and grace, social justice, ecclesiology, liturgy). It is interdisciplinary and international in scope and geared to readers interested in theological history, contemporary doctrine, religious responses to social change, and the intellectual currents that shaped modern Christian belief and practice.

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