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Externalism, as a book category, gathers works that explore how thought, knowledge, identity, and meaning are shaped by factors outside the individual—language, culture, technology, institutions, social networks, and physical environments. It includes philosophy of mind and epistemology (e.g., extended and situated cognition, content externalism), cognitive science and AI (distributed cognition, human–machine coupling), and social theory and STS (sociology of knowledge, actor-network theory), as well as ecological and media studies that decenter the autonomous self. These books challenge inward, purely mentalist or individualist accounts by showing how tools, practices, communities, and ecosystems participate in what we think and know. The category can also encompass essays and fiction that dramatize how external systems shape agency, identity, and experience.

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