The book challenges common misconceptions about the state of the world, using a wealth of statistical data to argue that, contrary to popular belief, global living conditions are improving significantly. It introduces ten instincts that distort our perspective—from the fear instinct (which leads us to perceive the world as more frightening than it is) to the destiny instinct (which causes us to assume that the fates of populations are predetermined). The author, a renowned public health expert, encourages readers to adopt a "factful" mindset, which relies on data and evidence to create a more accurate understanding of the world, ultimately fostering a more positive and productive approach to global challenges.

The book is a poignant diary-style narrative that offers an intimate glimpse into the life of a cleaning woman in Sweden during the late 1960s. Through her entries, the protagonist reflects on the struggles and monotony of her daily routine, while also contemplating broader social and political issues. Her observations reveal a deep sense of awareness and critique of societal inequalities, as she balances her personal aspirations with the harsh realities of her working-class existence. The narrative captures the resilience and quiet dignity of an individual striving for meaning and change amidst challenging circumstances.