The Greatest Italian, Roman "Plays" Books of All Time

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Plays

Plays are a category of literature that consists of written works intended for performance on stage. They typically feature dialogue between characters and are structured into acts and scenes. Plays can be comedic, tragic, or a combination of both, and often explore themes such as love, power, and morality. They are meant to be performed by actors in front of an audience, and can be enjoyed both as written works and as live performances.

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  1. 1. Six Characters in Search of an Author by Luigi Pirandello

    In this metatheatrical play, six characters come to life and demand that a theater director tell their tragic story, which was left incomplete by their author. As the director and his actors interact with these characters, the boundaries between fiction and reality blur, leading to a philosophical exploration of the nature of human identity, the reliability of art, and the unreliability of perception. The characters' story, involving a complex web of familial relationships, adultery, and suicide, further complicates the narrative, challenging the audience's understanding of truth and illusion.

  2. 2. Thyestes by Seneca

    "Thyestes" is a classic tragedy that centers around the mythological figures of the House of Atreus. The story unfolds as Atreus, the King of Mycenae, seeks revenge on his brother Thyestes for committing adultery with his wife. In a gruesome act of vengeance, Atreus kills Thyestes' sons and serves them to him at a feast. The narrative explores themes of power, betrayal, revenge, and the horrific consequences of unchecked ambition.

  3. 3. Amphitryon by Plautus

    The play is a comedic tale set in ancient Greece, where the god Jupiter, enamored with Alcmena, the wife of the general Amphitryon, takes on her husband's form to seduce her while Amphitryon is away at war. Meanwhile, Mercury, the messenger god, assists Jupiter by disguising himself as Amphitryon's slave, Sosia. The resulting confusion and mistaken identities lead to a series of humorous situations, as the real Amphitryon returns home to find his place usurped by the god. The play explores themes of deception, infidelity, and the interplay between gods and mortals, all wrapped up in a farcical package that entertains while it provokes thought about the nature of identity and trust.

  4. 4. Henry Iv by Luigi Pirandello

    In this novel, the protagonist is a man who, after an accident during a historical pageant, comes to believe himself to be the medieval German emperor Henry IV. For twenty years, he lives in a villa with attendants who indulge his delusion. The story delves into themes of madness, reality, and illusion as characters from his past attempt to cure him, leading to a complex examination of the nature of sanity and the role that personal mythologies play in our lives. As the line between the protagonist's delusion and the reality of those around him blurs, the narrative raises profound questions about the nature of identity and the masks people wear in society.

  5. 5. Accidental Death Of An Anarchist by Dario Fo

    In this satirical farce, an eccentric and quick-witted man, referred to as the Maniac, infiltrates a police station where an anarchist railway worker's death is being investigated. The authorities claim the anarchist died by suicide, having jumped out of a window during an interrogation. However, the Maniac cleverly impersonates various officials, manipulates the policemen, and exposes the absurdities and contradictions in their stories, suggesting that the anarchist's death was not an accident but a cover-up of police brutality. The play uses sharp humor and slapstick to critique corruption and the misuse of power within the establishment, ultimately questioning the integrity of the police and the justice system.

  6. 6. The Servant Of Two Masters by Carlo Goldoni

    The play is a classic Italian comedy that revolves around the clever and resourceful Truffaldino, who seeks to serve two different masters simultaneously in the hope of doubling his income. The ensuing plot is a whirlwind of mistaken identities, love triangles, and comedic confusions. As Truffaldino scrambles to keep his dual employment a secret, the characters are entangled in a series of humorous situations involving love-struck young lovers, a feisty soubrette, and a pair of stern fathers. The play culminates in a series of revelations and reconciliations that restore social order and conclude with festive celebrations.

  7. 7. The Mandrake by Niccolo Machiavelli

    "The Mandrake" is a satirical play that explores themes of corruption, deceit, and the manipulation of social norms. Set in Renaissance Italy, the story revolves around a young man who, desperate to win the affections of a beautiful but married woman, concocts a complex scheme involving a love potion derived from the mandrake root. With the help of a cunning rascal and a corrupt priest, the plan unfolds with a series of deceptions and moral compromises, ultimately questioning the true nature of virtue and vice in a society rife with hypocrisy. The play delves into the darker aspects of human behavior, using wit and humor to expose the lengths to which individuals will go to satisfy their desires.

  8. 8. Saul by Vittorio Alfieri

    "Saul" is a dramatic tragedy that unfolds in ancient Israel, focusing on the eponymous King Saul, who is tormented by jealousy and an obsession with the young David, the future king. The play delves into themes of power, madness, and divine will, as Saul's mental state deteriorates and his kingdom falls into chaos. His tragic flaw leads him to confrontations with his own family, his people, and ultimately, his downfall, as he grapples with the loss of God's favor and the rise of his successor. The narrative is a powerful exploration of human weakness and the destructive potential of unchecked emotions.

  9. 9. Naked Masks by Luigi Pirandello

    "Naked Masks" is a collection of five plays that delve into the complexities of human identity and the conflict between one's inner self and the roles imposed by society. The plays explore themes of madness, illusion, and existential uncertainty, often through characters who are caught in the tension between appearance and reality. The author uses the metaphor of the mask to represent the personas that individuals adopt in public, while questioning the nature of truth and the possibility of truly understanding oneself or others. The plays challenge audiences to consider the fluidity of identity and the performative aspects of everyday life.

  10. 10. The Braggart Soldier by Plautus

    "The Braggart Soldier" is a classic Roman comedy that revolves around the farcical misadventures of a pompous and cowardly military man who boasts about his exploits in love and war. The play unfolds with a clever slave scheming to outwit his master and help his friend, a young lover, reunite with his kidnapped beloved, who is being held by the braggart soldier. Through a series of humorous deceptions, mistaken identities, and slapstick humor, the characters navigate a world of social hierarchies and romantic entanglements, leading to a resolution that ridicules the soldier's arrogance and celebrates the cunning of the underdog.

  11. 11. Pseudolus by Plautus

    "Pseudolus" is a classic Roman comedy that revolves around the clever and scheming slave Pseudolus, who aims to help his young master Calidorus win the heart of his beloved Phoenicium, a courtesan who is about to be sold to a Macedonian soldier. The play unfolds as Pseudolus concocts a series of intricate and humorous plans to deceive the pimp Ballio, outwit the soldier, and secure Phoenicium's freedom, all while promising his master the impossible. The narrative is filled with witty dialogue, slapstick humor, and satirical commentary on social relations, showcasing the slave's cunning and resourcefulness in the face of adversity.

  12. 12. The Girl From Andros by Terence

    "The Girl From Andros" is a classic Roman comedy that revolves around the complexities of love and mistaken identity. The plot centers on a young Athenian man who falls in love with a girl believed to be a courtesan from the island of Andros, but who is, in fact, a freeborn woman. As he seeks to marry her, he must navigate the social expectations of his status, the interference of his slave who tries to help him with a cunning plan, and the revelation of the girl's true identity. The play humorously explores themes of class, romance, and the roles of women in ancient society, all while employing the typical misunderstandings and deceptions of comedic storytelling.

  13. 13. The Brothers Menaechmus by Plautus

    "The Brothers Menaechmus" is a classic Roman comedy that revolves around the hilarious misunderstandings and chaotic events that ensue from a case of mistaken identity. The plot follows the story of two long-lost twin brothers, Menaechmus of Epidamnus and Menaechmus of Syracuse, who were separated in childhood. Unbeknownst to each other, they end up in the same city, where their identical appearances lead to a series of comedic mishaps. Friends, family, and even a wife are all deceived as the twins inadvertently swap places, causing confusion and prompting a comical investigation into apparent infidelity, theft, and madness before the truth is finally revealed and the siblings are joyously reunited.

  14. 14. La Triologia Della Villegiatura by Carlo Goldoni

    "La Trilogia della Villegiatura" is a series of three comedies that satirize the habits and foibles of the middle class in 18th-century Italy as they engage in the fashionable practice of taking a holiday in the countryside. The trilogy follows a group of friends and their families as they navigate the social and romantic complexities of their vacation. Throughout the plays, the characters deal with issues of love, marriage, and social status, revealing the pretentiousness and shallowness of their behavior. The author uses wit and humor to critique the obsession with appearances and the frivolity of his contemporaries, while also exploring deeper themes of human nature and relationships.

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