1001 Books You Must Read Before You Die

This is one of the 300 lists we use to generate our main The Greatest Books list.

  • What Maisie Knew by Henry James

    The novel revolves around a young girl named Maisie, who becomes a pawn in the bitter divorce of her self-involved and neglectful parents. Her parents use her to hurt each other, and she is passed back and forth between them, their new spouses, and a sympathetic governess. Throughout the novel, Maisie navigates her way through a world of adult intrigue, betrayal, and selfishness, developing a mature understanding of human nature and relationships.

    The 1558th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Compassion by Benito Pérez Galdós

    "Compassion" is a compelling narrative that explores the themes of poverty, compassion, and human morality. Set in 19th-century Spain, it follows the story of a wealthy woman who, after an encounter with a poor, blind beggar, is moved to reassess her life and the societal norms of the time. This chance meeting prompts her to question the established social order and her privileged position within it, leading to a profound personal transformation. This novel is a poignant exploration of human empathy and the societal structures that often hinder its expression.

    The 2435th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Pharaoh by Bolesław Prus

    "Pharaoh" is a historical novel set in ancient Egypt, during the reign of Pharaoh Ramses XIII. The story is a complex and compelling tale of court intrigue, power struggles, and the inevitable clash between church and state. The young Pharaoh, Ramses XIII, is pitted against the powerful and entrenched priesthood and the corrupt and decaying Egyptian nobility. The novel explores themes of power, corruption, and the human condition, while providing a detailed and accurate portrayal of ancient Egyptian culture and society.

    The 2435th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Fruits of the Earth by André Gide

    "The Fruits of the Earth" is a philosophical novel that follows the journey of a young man who abandons his home and travels around the world in search of pleasure and personal freedom. The protagonist's hedonistic pursuit of happiness and self-discovery leads him to various exotic locations where he indulges in sensual experiences and intellectual pursuits. The novel explores themes of existentialism, individualism, and the pursuit of personal desires, challenging conventional morality and societal norms.

    The 1697th Greatest Book of All Time
  • War of the Worlds by H. G. Wells

    This classic science fiction novel tells the story of a Martian invasion of Earth, as experienced by an unnamed protagonist and his brother. The Martians, who are technologically far superior to humans, cause widespread devastation with their heat-ray weapons and towering tripods. Despite humanity's best efforts to resist, they seem unstoppable. The novel is a commentary on British imperialism and explores themes of human survival and evolution.

    The 218th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Senilità by Italo Svevo

    "Senilità" is a psychological novel that follows the life of a middle-aged man, Emilio Brentani, who falls in love with a younger woman, Angiolina, who manipulates and betrays him. Emilio's obsession with Angiolina leads him into a downward spiral of self-destruction, as he grapples with feelings of jealousy, paranoia, and self-loathing. The novel explores themes of aging, loneliness, and the human condition in modern society.

    The 1618th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Dom Casmurro by Machado de Assis

    The novel is a darkly comic, yet tragic exploration of love, betrayal, and jealousy, told through the unreliable narration of the protagonist, a middle-aged man who believes his wife has cheated on him with his best friend. The narrative is filled with ambiguity and uncertainty, forcing readers to question the reality of the events described. The novel is also a profound exploration of the human psyche and the destructive power of obsession.

    The 755th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Awakening by Kate Chopin

    "The Awakening" is a novel set in the late 19th century New Orleans, which explores the life of a young woman trapped in societal and marital expectations. She embarks on a journey of self-discovery and independence, defying the norms of her time. The protagonist challenges the traditional roles of women as she seeks personal fulfillment, experiences sexual awakening, and struggles with her desires and responsibilities. The book is a critique of the repressive social norms, particularly regarding women and marriage, of the Victorian era.

    The 199th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Stechlin by Theodor Fontane

    "The Stechlin" is a social novel set in late 19th-century Germany that explores the changes and tensions brought about by the modern world. The story follows an aging aristocrat who lives near Lake Stechlin and his interactions with the community around him, including his son who is a member of the Reichstag in Berlin. The novel is known for its detailed and realistic depiction of the social and political climate of the time, as well as its exploration of the conflict between traditional values and modernity.

    The 1142nd Greatest Book of All Time
  • Eclipse of the Crescent Moon by Géza Gárdonyi

    "Eclipse of the Crescent Moon" is a historical novel set in the 16th century, during the time of the Ottoman Empire's siege on the Hungarian fortress of Eger. The story follows a brave young boy named Gergely, who grows up to be a heroic soldier defending his homeland. The tale is filled with romance, adventure, and provides a detailed depiction of medieval life, warfare, and the heroic resistance of the Hungarian people against the invading Ottoman forces.

    The 1550th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Some Experiences of an Irish R. M. by Edith Somerville, Violet Florence Martin

    "Some Experiences of an Irish R.M." is a humorous collection of stories set in rural Ireland at the turn of the 20th century. The book follows a retired English army officer who becomes a Resident Magistrate in Ireland. Through his eyes, readers are introduced to a cast of eccentric local characters and their peculiarities, as he tries to navigate the cultural differences and often absurd situations he finds himself in, providing a satirical look at Irish life and society of the time.

    The 2435th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Sandokan by Emilio Salgari

    "Sandokan" is an adventure novel set in the 1800s, focusing on the daring exploits of its eponymous hero, a pirate known as the "Tiger of Malaysia". A feared and respected figure, Sandokan battles against the Dutch and British Empires while trying to regain his rightful throne. His life takes a dramatic turn when he falls in love with Marianna, a young woman of noble birth, leading to a series of thrilling adventures and battles as he tries to win her heart and restore his lost kingdom.

    The 2435th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser

    The novel follows a young country girl who moves to the big city where she starts realizing her own American Dream by first becoming a mistress to men she perceives as superior and later as a famous actress. It is a portrayal of the realities of the modern city and the complexities of the modern world, illustrating the influence of consumer culture on the individual. Despite her moral decline, the protagonist's rise to fame seems to defy the conventional social norms and moral values, making the novel a notable instance of naturalist literature.

    The 414th Greatest Book of All Time
  • None but the Brave by Arthur Schnitzler

    "None but the Brave" is a novel that explores the complexities of human emotions, relationships, and social norms in the early 20th century. The story follows a group of middle-class Austrians whose comfortable lives are disrupted when they become entangled in a series of romantic and sexual affairs. The narrative delves into their individual struggles, their moral dilemmas, and the societal expectations that they grapple with. The book is a profound examination of the human condition, highlighting the courage it takes to face one's desires and fears.

    The 2435th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Kim by Rudyard Kipling

    "Kim" is a thrilling adventure set in India during the height of the British empire. The story follows the life of a young Irish orphan, Kimball O'Hara, who grows up on the streets of Lahore. Kim's life takes a dramatic turn when he becomes involved in the 'Great Game', the political conflict between Russia and Britain in Central Asia. Guided by an old Tibetan Lama on a spiritual quest, Kim is recruited by the British secret service and sent on a dangerous mission across the Himalayas. The novel explores themes of identity, imperialism, and East vs. West.

    The 220th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Buddenbrooks by Thomas Mann

    "Buddenbrooks" is a novel that chronicles the decline of a wealthy north German merchant family over the course of four generations. The narrative focuses on the fluctuating fortunes and internal struggles of the family, reflecting the societal changes and economic decline of the period. The family's personal and business relationships, their moral values, and their struggle to maintain social status are all explored against the backdrop of the changing political and social landscape.

    The 151st Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Hound of the Baskervilles by Arthur Conan Doyle

    This classic mystery novel follows a detective and his partner as they investigate a supernatural hound that has been haunting the Baskerville family for generations, supposedly causing the death of the recent family head. As the pair navigate the eerie moors surrounding the Baskerville estate, they unravel a plot of deception and murder, all while trying to protect the new heir from the same grisly fate. The story is a thrilling blend of mystery, suspense, and horror.

    The 122nd Greatest Book of All Time
  • Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad

    This classic novel follows the journey of a seaman who travels up the Congo River into the African interior to meet a mysterious ivory trader. Throughout his journey, he encounters the harsh realities of imperialism, the brutal treatment of native Africans, and the depths of human cruelty and madness. The protagonist's journey into the 'heart of darkness' serves as both a physical exploration of the African continent and a metaphorical exploration into the depths of human nature.

    The 25th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Wings of the Dove by Henry James

    This novel centers around a young woman, Milly Theale, who is terminally ill and wealthy. She becomes the object of a conspiracy by two other characters, Kate Croy and Merton Densher, who are in love but too poor to marry. Kate manipulates the situation so that Densher becomes close to Milly, intending for him to marry her and inherit her wealth when she dies. However, Densher eventually falls in love with Milly, leading to a complex triangle of love, deceit, and moral ambiguity.

    The 382nd Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Immoralist by André Gide

    "The Immoralist" is a novel that explores the journey of a man who, after a near-death experience, indulges in hedonistic and selfish behavior, rejecting societal norms and moral constraints. The protagonist, a scholar, embarks on a journey of self-discovery and self-indulgence after being diagnosed with tuberculosis. His pursuit of physical and sensual experiences leads him to abandon his wife and career, leading to a life of isolation and self-destruction. The book delves into themes of morality, freedom, and the human condition.

    The 584th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Ambassadors by Henry James

    The novel centers around a middle-aged man named Lambert Strether who is sent from New England to Paris by a wealthy widow, Mrs. Newsome, to convince her wayward son, Chad, to return home. However, upon arriving in Europe, Strether is charmed by the sophisticated lifestyle Chad has adopted and finds himself questioning the puritanical values of his homeland. He also becomes entangled in romantic relationships and complex social dynamics, leading him to ultimately question his loyalty to Mrs. Newsome. The book explores themes of morality, identity, and the concept of the American versus European lifestyle.

    The 207th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Riddle of the Sands by Erskine Childers

    This novel is a classic early 20th-century spy thriller that follows two British yachtsmen who stumble upon a German plot to invade England while on a sailing trip in the North Sea. The duo must use their wits and sailing skills to outmaneuver the Germans and alert the British government of the impending attack. The book is notable for its attention to detail and realism, particularly in its descriptions of sailing and the North Sea coastline.

    The 757th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Call of the Wild by Jack London

    This book tells the story of a domesticated dog named Buck who is stolen from his home in California and sold into service as a sled dog in Alaska. As he faces harsh conditions and brutal treatment, Buck must learn to adapt to the wild and harsh environment, ultimately reverting to his ancestral instincts in order to survive. The book explores themes of nature versus nurture, civilization versus wilderness, and the struggle for dominance.

    The 159th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Memoirs of My Nervous Illness by Daniel Paul Schreber

    The book is a personal account of a prominent German judge's struggle with severe mental illness. It provides a detailed and vivid description of his experiences with psychosis, hallucinations, and delusions, which he attributes to divine intervention and cosmic forces. The author's attempt to understand and make sense of his condition forms the core of this memoir, and his insights have been influential in the fields of psychology and psychiatry. His narrative is a unique exploration of the mind and its relationship with reality, providing an intimate perspective on mental illness.

    The 2435th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Way of All Flesh by Samuel Butler

    The novel follows the life of Ernest Pontifex, from his birth in the early 19th century until his middle age, and his struggle against the restrictive morality of Victorian England. Raised in a stiflingly oppressive household by his hypocritical clergyman father and submissive mother, Ernest eventually rebels against his upbringing, leading to his imprisonment for a minor crime. Upon his release, he rejects his past life and religious beliefs, eventually finding happiness and success as a writer. The novel provides a scathing satire of Victorian-era attitudes towards religion and family life.

    The 538th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Hadrian the Seventh by Frederick Rolfe

    "Hadrian the Seventh" is a novel about a failed Catholic priest, who after a series of unlikely events, becomes the Pope. The protagonist, a bitter and eccentric man, uses his newfound power to make radical changes in the Church, while also settling personal scores. The novel is known for its biting satire and unique exploration of the Catholic Church and papacy.

    The 890th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Nostromo by Joseph Conrad

    Set in the fictional South American country of Costaguana, the novel explores the turbulent political and social changes of the era through the eyes of Nostromo, a respected and resourceful Italian expatriate. Nostromo's loyalty and heroism are tested when he is tasked with hiding a cache of silver from a revolutionary government. As the political landscape shifts, he finds himself caught in a web of moral dilemmas and life-altering decisions. The novel is a profound examination of power, corruption, and the human condition.

    The 194th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The House of Mirth by Edith Wharton

    Set in the backdrop of New York's high society during the turn of the 20th century, the novel follows the life of Lily Bart, a beautiful but impoverished woman of social standing. As she navigates the pressures and expectations of her social circle, Lily grapples with the need to secure a wealthy husband to maintain her lifestyle. However, her romantic inclinations and her desire for personal freedom come into conflict with societal norms, leading to her tragic downfall.

    The 152nd Greatest Book of All Time
  • Professor Unrat by Heinrich Mann

    The novel is a social critique of bourgeois society in Germany during the Wilhelmine period, as seen through the life of an authoritarian and morally rigid school teacher. The protagonist becomes infatuated with a cabaret dancer, leading him to abandon his duties and societal norms, and eventually descend into madness. The book explores themes of obsession, social class, and the destructive power of repressed desire.

    The 1709th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Solitude by Caterina Albert

    "Solitude" is a novel that explores the life and struggles of a young woman living in a rural Catalan village. The protagonist is a strong-willed, independent woman who defies societal norms and expectations, leading to friction with her conservative community. The narrative examines themes of gender, societal pressures, and the struggle for personal freedom, providing a powerful critique of rural life and patriarchal society.

    The 1481st Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Confusions of Young Törless by Robert Musil

    This novel explores the moral and psychological development of a young student sent to a military boarding school in Austro-Hungarian Empire. The protagonist witnesses and participates in the bullying and humiliation of a fellow student, leading him to question the nature of power, morality, and the thin line between civilization and barbarity. The book is a profound exploration of adolescence, authority, and the loss of innocence.

    The 548th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Forsyte Saga by John Galsworthy

    "The Forsyte Saga" is a series of three novels and two interludes that chronicle the lives of a wealthy, upper-middle-class family in England during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The saga explores themes of social class, wealth, love, and the changing societal norms of the time, with a particular focus on the character of Soames Forsyte and his obsessive desire to possess both people and things. The narrative provides a detailed examination of the family's fortunes, misfortunes, and intricate relationships, offering a critique of the materialistic culture of the era.

    The 386th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Jungle by Upton Sinclair

    This novel exposes the harsh conditions and exploited lives of immigrants in the United States in Chicago and similar industrialized cities. The protagonist, a young Lithuanian immigrant, works in the meatpacking industry and experiences the extreme poverty, poor working conditions, and lack of social services. The narrative explores the corruption of the American meatpacking industry in the early 20th century and the hardships faced by the working class, leading to significant public outcry that contributed to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act.

    The 191st Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Secret Agent by Joseph Conrad

    "The Secret Agent" is a dark political satire set in London in the late 19th century, revolving around a secret agent who is also a shopkeeper, his anarchist friends, and his family. The story unfolds as the agent is coerced by his foreign employers to orchestrate a bombing in a bid to provoke a political response, but the plan goes disastrously wrong, leading to tragic consequences and a deep exploration of themes such as anarchism, espionage, terrorism, and betrayal.

    The 456th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Mother by Maxim Gorky

    This novel centers around a working-class Russian woman who becomes involved in revolutionary activities after witnessing the struggles and injustices faced by her son and his comrades. Despite her initial fear and hesitation, she evolves into a dedicated activist, smuggling illegal literature and participating in strikes. The narrative provides a powerful exploration of the personal and societal transformations brought about by political activism, set against the backdrop of pre-revolutionary Russia.

    The 1558th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The House On The Borderland And Other Novels by William Hope Hodgson

    "The House On The Borderland And Other Novels" is a collection of thrilling and imaginative stories by William Hope Hodgson. The book takes readers on a journey through various eerie and otherworldly settings, where they encounter supernatural phenomena, ancient evils, and cosmic horrors. From a haunted house on the edge of reality to a terrifying voyage through time and space, these gripping tales offer a blend of horror, science fiction, and fantasy that will captivate fans of the genre.

    The 1521st Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Old Wives' Tale by Arnold Bennett

    This novel explores the lives of two sisters, Constance and Sophia Baines, who are brought up in a small town drapery shop in the mid-19th century. Constance remains in their hometown, marries and leads a relatively uneventful life, while Sophia elopes to Paris with a traveling salesman, living through the Siege of Paris and the Franco-Prussian War. The book contrasts the sisters' different experiences and how their choices shape their lives, ultimately reuniting them in their old age.

    The 328th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Hell by Henri Barbusse

    This novel is a narrative about a man who finds a hole in the wall of his Parisian boarding house room and begins spying on his fellow boarders. Through his voyeuristic observations, he witnesses a variety of human experiences and emotions such as love, despair, and death. Ultimately, he comes to the realization that people are essentially alone in their experiences and emotions, leading him to a profound existential crisis.

    The 2435th Greatest Book of All Time
  • A Room With a View by E. M. Forster

    Set in Italy and England, the novel tells the story of a young English woman, Lucy Honeychurch, who travels to Florence with her older cousin and chaperone. During her stay in Italy, Lucy meets and falls in love with a free-spirited man, but due to societal pressures, she becomes engaged to a wealthy but pretentious man back home in England. The novel explores themes of societal norms, personal growth, and the struggle between heart and mind as Lucy must decide between conforming to societal expectations or following her own desires.

    The 309th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Strait is the Gate by André Gide

    "Strait is the Gate" is a tragic tale of unrequited love set in the late 19th century. The story revolves around a young man who falls deeply in love with his cousin. However, his love is not reciprocated as she chooses a life devoted to God over their relationship. The book explores themes of love, faith, sacrifice, and the conflict between earthly desires and spiritual aspirations.

    The 1558th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge by Rainer Maria Rilke

    "The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge" is a semi-autobiographical novel narrated by a young man from Denmark living in Paris, who is trying to understand the world and his place in it. The protagonist is a poet and a dreamer, who spends his time observing and reflecting on the people and situations around him. The book is a collection of his thoughts, observations, and musings, which often revolve around themes of death, solitude, history, and the nature of existence. It's a deep and introspective exploration of the human condition and the nature of creativity.

    The 507th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Howards End by E. M. Forster

    This novel explores class relations and conflicting values in turn-of-the-century England. The narrative revolves around three families: the wealthy, capitalist Wilcoxes; the cultured, idealistic Schlegels; and the lower-middle class Basts. As their lives intertwine, the story grapples with themes of wealth, love, and death, and the struggle for personal connection in an increasingly impersonal society. The titular "Howards End" is a country home, and it becomes a symbol of England's past, present, and future.

    The 158th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Impressions of Africa by Raymond Roussel

    In this surrealistic novel, a group of Europeans are stranded in Africa after their ship is hijacked by a local monarch. While held captive, each of the characters narrates a fantastical tale or performance, showcasing their unique talents and skills. The narrative is filled with bizarre inventions, intricate wordplay, and a dizzying array of subplots, all of which are eventually woven together in a complex and cryptic manner. The novel is a testament to the author's imagination and his ability to create a world that is both strange and captivating.

    The 2435th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Fantômas by Marcel Allain, Pierre Souvestre

    The book is a thrilling detective novel set in Paris, revolving around the character of Fantômas, a master criminal with no morals or scruples. Fantômas is a master of disguise, capable of assuming any identity at will, and his criminal activities range from petty theft to murder. The book follows the relentless pursuit of Fantômas by the determined Inspector Juve, leading to a series of exciting and suspenseful encounters.

    The 1558th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton

    Set in a bleak New England landscape, the book tells the story of Ethan Frome, a poor, hardworking farmer who is married to a sickly, bitter woman named Zeena. When Zeena's young cousin Mattie comes to live with them, Ethan becomes infatuated with her, leading to a tragic love triangle. The narrative explores themes of passion, duty, and the oppressive nature of rural poverty.

    The 366th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Charwomen's Daughter by James Stephens

    "The Charwomen's Daughter" is a captivating novel that follows the life of a young girl growing up in poverty-stricken Dublin during the early 20th century. Through her eyes, readers witness the struggles and hardships faced by her family, as well as the resilience and determination that drives her to overcome adversity. With vivid descriptions and a poignant narrative, the book explores themes of social inequality, family bonds, and the power of hope in the face of adversity.

    The 1728th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Death in Venice by Thomas Mann

    "Death in Venice" is a novella that explores the life of Gustav von Aschenbach, a famous writer in his early fifties who embarks on a journey to Venice after experiencing a creative block. In Venice, he becomes obsessed with a beautiful Polish boy named Tadzio, whom he sees at the hotel where he is staying. Aschenbach's fascination with Tadzio becomes a metaphor for his own internal struggle with his repressed passions and his need for aesthetic beauty. The story culminates in Aschenbach's death as a cholera epidemic sweeps through Venice. His demise symbolizes the destructive power of his unfulfilled longing and his ultimate surrender to his repressed desires.

    The 458th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Sons and Lovers by D. H. Lawrence

    "Sons and Lovers" is a semi-autobiographical novel that explores the complex relationships between a miner's wife, her husband, and their two sons. The story focuses on the intense emotional and psychological bonds between the mother and her sons, as well as the struggles they face in their romantic relationships due to their deep attachment to their mother. The novel delves into themes of class, love, sexuality, and the oedipal complex, presenting a vivid picture of working-class life in early 20th century England.

    The 127th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists by Robert Tressell, Peter Miles

    "The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists" is a semi-autobiographical novel that explores the lives of a group of working men in the fictional town of Mugsborough, and their struggle to survive in a society marred by poverty and exploitation. The story primarily focuses on a socialist protagonist who endeavors to enlighten his fellow workers about capitalism's inherent flaws and the necessity for social change, all while battling the dire conditions of his own life. The novel is a critique of capitalism and a call for a socialist revolution.

    The 642nd Greatest Book of All Time
  • Platero by Juan Ramón Jiménez

    "Platero" is a beautifully written narrative that follows the relationship between a man and his donkey, Platero, in a small town in Andalusia, Spain. The book is filled with poetic and philosophical musings that reflect on the simple and profound aspects of everyday life. Through the interactions between the man and Platero, the author explores themes of friendship, nature, death, and the passing of time.

    The 1481st Greatest Book of All Time
  • Tarzan of the Apes by Edgar Rice Burroughs

    This novel follows the story of a young boy raised by apes in the African jungle after his aristocratic parents are marooned and later perish. He grows up learning the laws of the jungle and the ways of the wild, eventually becoming the leader of his ape tribe. His life takes a turn when he encounters other humans, particularly a young woman, which leads him to grapple with his dual nature as both man and beast. The book explores themes of identity, civilization versus nature, and the concept of the "noble savage."

    The 537th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Locus Solus by Raymond Roussel

    "Locus Solus" is an avant-garde novel that revolves around the eccentric millionaire inventor, Canterel, who invites a group of guests to visit his estate, Locus Solus. Here, he displays a series of bizarre inventions, each with a detailed backstory. The inventions include a diamond-encrusted machine that constructs intricate mosaics using human teeth, a large glass cage filled with preserved human heads that reenact key moments from their lives, and a device that uses preserved body parts to perform a grotesque ballet. The narrative is heavily detailed and surreal, creating a unique and intriguing exploration of art, life, and the human condition.

    The 1403rd Greatest Book of All Time
  • Kokoro by Sōseki Natsume

    "Kokoro" is a novel that delves into the complexities of human relationships and the changing cultural climate of Japan at the turn of the 20th century. The story is narrated by a young university student who forms an unlikely friendship with an older man, referred to only as "Sensei". As their bond deepens, the young man learns of Sensei's tragic past, his feelings of guilt and regret, and his struggle to find peace. The novel explores themes of loneliness, betrayal, and the moral dilemmas of modern life.

    The 1155th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Thirty-Nine Steps by John Buchan

    Set on the eve of World War I, the novel follows an ordinary man who becomes entangled in a dangerous plot after a mysterious stranger shows up at his apartment, claiming to be a spy. When the stranger is murdered, the protagonist is falsely accused and becomes a fugitive, fleeing to the Scottish highlands. He must unravel a conspiracy of international espionage and prevent a political assassination to clear his name.

    The 428th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Rainbow by D. H. Lawrence

    The novel explores the lives of three generations of a farming family, the Brangwens, living in rural England in the late 19th and early 20th century. The narrative primarily focuses on the sexual and emotional maturation of Ursula Brangwen, a young woman who rejects traditional societal norms in her quest for spiritual fulfillment and personal independence. The book is known for its vivid depiction of the English countryside and its frank portrayal of sexual desire.

    The 391st Greatest Book of All Time
  • Of Human Bondage by W. Somerset Maugham

    The novel follows the life of Philip Carey, a club-footed orphan who struggles with his disability and his passionate and unrequited love for a destructive woman. His journey takes him from a strict religious upbringing in England to an adventurous life in Paris where he attempts to become an artist before finally settling into a career in medicine. The story is a powerful exploration of human desire, ambition, and the search for meaning in life.

    The 283rd Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Good Soldier by Ford Madox Ford

    "The Good Soldier" is a tragic tale of two seemingly perfect couples: an American couple and an English couple, who meet at a German spa and share a nine-year friendship. However, underneath the surface, their relationships are far from ideal, filled with infidelity, lies, and deceit. The story is narrated by the American husband, who is the last to realize the intricate web of affairs and betrayals amongst the group. The novel explores themes of love, passion, and the destruction that can result from suppressed emotions and societal pressures.

    The 117th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Rashomon and Seventeen Other Stories by Ryunosuke Akutagawa

    "Rashomon and Seventeen Other Stories" is a collection of narratives that delve into the depths of human nature, exploring themes such as morality, truth, and the complexities of the human psyche. The stories, set in various periods of Japanese history, range from tales of ancient samurai to accounts of disturbing personal experiences, offering a rich and diverse exploration of Japanese culture and society. The title story, "Rashomon," is a psychological examination of a servant's moral dilemma during a time of civil unrest.

    The 1050th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Under Fire by Henri Barbusse

    "Under Fire" is a gripping first-person narrative of life in the trenches during World War I. The protagonist, a French soldier, provides an intimate and harrowing account of the physical and psychological toll of warfare. The book presents a grim picture of the war, highlighting the camaraderie among soldiers, the horror of the battlefield, the senseless loss of life, and the disillusionment of those who must endure it. The narrative is known for its stark realism and profound anti-war sentiments.

    The 2435th Greatest Book of All Time
  • A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce

    This novel is a semi-autobiographical account of a young man's intellectual and artistic development in late 19th-century Ireland. The protagonist struggles with issues of identity, faith, and nationality, ultimately rejecting the traditional values of his Catholic upbringing to pursue his own path as an artist. The book is renowned for its innovative narrative style and its exploration of themes such as individuality, freedom, and the nature of art.

    The 69th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Underdogs by Mariano Azuela

    "The Underdogs" is a novel set during the Mexican Revolution, depicting the conflict from the perspective of the peasants who fought in it. The story follows the journey of a poor, illiterate Indian named Demetrio Macias, who becomes a reluctant leader in the rebellion against the federal government. The narrative explores the brutality and chaos of war, the corruption of power, and the often futile nature of rebellion, painting a grim picture of the human cost of revolution.

    The 1034th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Pallieter by Felix Timmermans

    "Pallieter" is a classic Flemish novel that depicts the life of a jovial and life-loving man, Pallieter, who lives in harmony with nature in a small Belgian town. The story showcases his love for the simple pleasures of life, his interactions with the townsfolk, and his deep connection with the natural world. However, when industrialization threatens his idyllic lifestyle, Pallieter decides to leave his beloved town. The novel is a celebration of life and nature, while also exploring the impact of industrialization on rural life.

    The 2435th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Home and the World by Rabindranath Tagore

    This novel is a political and philosophical exploration set in early 20th century India during the country's struggle for independence. It revolves around three main characters: a nobleman, his wife, and his friend, a fervent nationalist. The story unfolds as the wife, initially confined to the inner quarters of their home, begins to question her societal boundaries and the idea of nationalism after meeting her husband's friend. The narrative delves into the complexities of love, freedom, and the concept of home and world, set against the backdrop of the Swadeshi movement, a part of the Indian independence movement against British rule.

    The 984th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Growth of the Soil by Knut Hamsun

    "Growth of the Soil" is a novel that follows the life of a man who leaves his nomadic lifestyle to become a pioneer farmer in the Norwegian wilderness. The narrative traces his journey from solitude to building a family and a thriving farm, showcasing his deep connection with the land and the cyclical nature of life. The book also explores the tension between traditional rural life and modernity, as external forces such as industrialization and societal change begin to impact the protagonist's simple existence.

    The 652nd Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Return of the Soldier by Rebecca West

    "The Return of the Soldier" is a poignant story set during World War I, revolving around a British soldier suffering from shell shock-induced amnesia. Upon his return home, he does not remember his wife or his comfortable life of privilege, but instead, recalls his first love and the modest past they shared. The narrative explores the complex dynamics and emotional turmoil experienced by the soldier, his wife, his cousin, and his former sweetheart as they grapple with the consequences of war, memory, and class distinctions.

    The 1251st Greatest Book of All Time
  • Tarr by Wyndham Lewis

    "Tarr" is a novel set in pre-World War I Paris and follows the story of an English artist, Frederick Tarr. The narrative explores the complex relationships between Tarr and his friends, including his German rival Kreisler and the woman they both love, Bertha. The novel delves into themes of modernism, masculinity, and the clash of cultures, while also providing a satirical critique of the bohemian lifestyle in early 20th century Paris.

    The 2435th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Storm of Steel by Ernst Jünger

    "Storm of Steel" is a memoir of a German officer's experiences during World War I. The book provides a detailed account of the daily life in the trenches, the brutal and chaotic nature of warfare, and the psychological impact on the soldiers. The author describes the horrors of war with a sense of detachment, viewing the battlefield as a place where one's character is tested and shaped. Despite the grim subject matter, the memoir is often noted for its poetic language and vivid imagery.

    The 2435th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Women in Love by D. H. Lawrence

    "Women in Love" is a novel that explores the complex relationships of two sisters, Ursula and Gudrun Brangwen, as they navigate their passions, desires, and connections with two men, Rupert Birkin and Gerald Crich, in post-World War I England. The novel delves deep into the psychological aspects of love, questioning traditional romantic love and proposing a more modern, individualistic approach to relationships. It also explores themes of industrialization, modernity, and the nature of human existence.

    The 226th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Main Street by Sinclair Lewis

    This novel is a satirical critique of small-town life, following the story of a young, ambitious woman who moves from the city to a quiet, conservative town in the Midwest with her new husband. Despite her attempts to bring culture and progress to the town, she is met with resistance and ostracism from the closed-minded locals. The protagonist's struggle against traditional norms and her ultimate disillusionment highlight the stifling conformity and lack of intellectual stimulation in rural America.

    The 407th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton

    Set in the 1870s, the novel revolves around Newland Archer, a young lawyer from New York's high society, who is engaged to the beautiful and conventional May Welland. His life takes a turn when he meets May's cousin, the Countess Ellen Olenska, who has returned from Europe after leaving her scandalous husband. Torn between his duty and passion, Archer struggles with the constraints of the society he is a part of. The book offers a vivid portrayal of the struggle between individual desires and societal expectations in the upper-class New York society of the late 19th century.

    The 88th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Crome Yellow by Aldous Huxley

    "Crome Yellow" is a satirical novel set in an English country house, where a diverse group of guests gather for a summer holiday. The narrative explores various themes such as love, art, religion, and education through the conversations and interactions of the characters. The novel is known for its witty dialogue, social commentary, and for being an early example of the author's social criticism.

    The 1558th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Life of Christ by Giovanni Papini

    "Life of Christ" is a comprehensive biography of Jesus Christ, exploring his life, teachings, and impact on humanity. The book delves into the historical, cultural, and spiritual context of his era, providing in-depth analysis of his miracles, parables, and relationships with his disciples and followers. The author also examines the significance of Christ's crucifixion and resurrection, aiming to provide a thorough understanding of his life and mission.

    The 2435th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Ulysses by James Joyce

    Set in Dublin, the novel follows a day in the life of Leopold Bloom, an advertising salesman, as he navigates the city. The narrative, heavily influenced by Homer's Odyssey, explores themes of identity, heroism, and the complexities of everyday life. It is renowned for its stream-of-consciousness style and complex structure, making it a challenging but rewarding read.

    The 3rd Greatest Book of All Time
  • Babbitt by Sinclair Lewis

    "Babbitt" is a satirical novel that explores the life of a prosperous, middle-aged businessman living in a Midwestern city during the 1920s. Despite his apparent success and conformity to societal norms, the protagonist feels a deep dissatisfaction with his life and the monotony of his daily routines. This leads him to rebel against the conservative values of his community, resulting in personal and social upheaval. The book critically examines the American middle class and the pressures of conformism, materialism, and status anxiety.

    The 233rd Greatest Book of All Time
  • Claudine by Colette

    "Claudine" is a series of four novels that narrate the life of a young woman named Claudine from her adolescence in a small French village, through her experiences at a Parisian boarding school, to her marriage and adult life in Paris. The novels are renowned for their vivid descriptions of the French countryside and the complex, sensual, and independent character of Claudine. They also explore themes of female sexuality, education, and the struggle for personal freedom in a restrictive society.

    The 1037th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Life and Death of Harriett Frean by May Sinclair

    The book chronicles the life of Harriett Frean, a woman who lives a sheltered and suppressed life due to Victorian societal norms. It explores her journey from a privileged childhood to a lonely adulthood, her unrequited love for a married man, and her struggle with her parents' expectations. The narrative delves into the themes of female oppression, the consequences of societal expectations, and the tragedy of an unfulfilled life.

    The 2435th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Forest of the Hanged by Liviu Rebreanu

    "Forest of the Hanged" is a gripping novel set during World War I, focusing on a Romanian officer serving in the Austro-Hungarian army who is forced to confront his own morality and identity. After his brother is executed for treason, the protagonist struggles with his loyalty to the army and his inherent connection to his native land, leading to a profound spiritual crisis. The narrative explores themes of nationalism, duty, conscience, and the devastating psychological impact of war.

    The 2435th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Siddhartha by Hermann Hesse

    "Siddhartha" is a novel about the spiritual journey of a young man named Siddhartha during the time of Gautama Buddha. Born into an Indian Brahmin family, Siddhartha rejects his privileged life to seek spiritual enlightenment. His journey takes him through periods of harsh asceticism, sensual indulgence, material wealth, and finally, to the simple life of a ferryman on a river where he finds peace and wisdom. The book explores themes of self-discovery, spiritual quest, and the desire for a meaningful life.

    The 235th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Enormous Room by E. E. Cummings

    "The Enormous Room" is a semi-autobiographical novel about the author's time spent in a French prison during World War I. The protagonist is arrested and detained for his anti-war sentiments, and the story explores his experiences and observations within the prison. The novel is known for its unique and experimental use of language and its vivid, often surreal depictions of life in confinement.

    The 2100th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Kristin Lavransdatter by Sigrid Undset

    Set in 14th century Norway, "Kristin Lavransdatter" follows the life of its titular character from her childhood, through her tumultuous and passionate marriage to Erlend Nikulausson, to her life as a mother and eventual widow. The narrative explores Kristin's struggles with faith, societal expectations, and personal desires, offering a vivid portrayal of medieval Scandinavian life along the way. Despite the many hardships she faces, Kristin remains a strong and resilient woman, embodying the spirit of her time.

    The 392nd Greatest Book of All Time
  • Amok by Stefan Zweig

    "Amok" is a novella that delves into the mind of a European doctor, who, while working in the Dutch East Indies, becomes obsessed with a wealthy and married female patient. The doctor's fixation spirals into a dangerous and self-destructive passion after she asks him to perform an illegal abortion. The story is a psychological exploration of obsession, guilt, and moral boundaries, told through the doctor's confession to a stranger during a ship journey.

    The 2435th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Le Diable au corps by Raymond Radiguet

    "Le Diable au corps" is a French novel focusing on a teenage boy who engages in a passionate and scandalous affair with a woman whose husband is fighting at the front during World War I. The novel explores themes of love, betrayal, and societal norms, while highlighting the consequences of their illicit relationship, including the woman's pregnancy, the boy's expulsion from school, and the tragic death of the woman during childbirth. The story is a poignant portrayal of youthful recklessness, war's impact on society, and the destructive power of love.

    The 1619th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Confessions of Zeno by Italo Svevo

    "Confessions of Zeno" is a satirical, semi-autobiographical novel that follows the life of Zeno Cosini, a neurotic Italian businessman, as he tries to quit smoking. The book is presented as a diary, written at the suggestion of Zeno's psychoanalyst, and it details Zeno's thoughts on his health, his family, his business ventures, and his infatuation with a beautiful woman. Throughout the story, Zeno's attempts to quit smoking serve as a metaphor for his struggles with his personal weaknesses and his quest for self-understanding.

    The 255th Greatest Book of All Time
  • A Passage to India by E. M. Forster

    The novel takes place in British-ruled India, where the cultural divide between the British and the Indians is explored. The story focuses on the experiences of an Indian Muslim, Dr. Aziz, and his interactions with an English woman, Miss Quested, and her elderly friend, Mrs. Moore. After an expedition to the Marabar Caves, Miss Quested accuses Dr. Aziz of assault, leading to a trial that deepens the racial tensions and prejudices between the colonizers and the colonized. The novel is a critique of British imperialism and a study of the cultural and racial misunderstandings and ill-will between the British and the Indian people.

    The 54th Greatest Book of All Time
  • We by Yevgeny Zamyatin

    In this dystopian novel, the story is set in the future, where the protagonist, a mathematician, lives in a highly regulated society where citizens are known by numbers, not names, and every action is dictated by the state. Individuality and freedom are suppressed, and even the concept of love is replaced by regulated sexual liaisons. The mathematician begins to question the infallibility of the state after meeting a rebellious woman, leading to a series of events that challenge the very foundations of his world.

    The 453rd Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Magic Mountain by Thomas Mann

    In this novel, the protagonist, a young, ordinary man, visits his cousin at a tuberculosis sanatorium in the Swiss Alps. Intending to stay for only a few weeks, he ends up remaining there for seven years, becoming a patient himself. The book explores his experiences and relationships with other patients and staff, delving into philosophical discussions on life, time, and the nature of disease. It also provides a vivid portrayal of the European society and intellectual life on the eve of World War I.

    The 43rd Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Green Hat by Michael Arlen

    "The Green Hat" is a novel set in 1920s London that follows the life of a glamorous and mysterious woman known for her signature green hat. She is a symbol of the era's new woman, embodying both its allure and its moral ambiguity. As she navigates her scandalous love affairs and her brother's suicide, she becomes a controversial figure, facing both admiration and condemnation from society. The novel explores themes of love, reputation, and societal expectations, offering a critical portrayal of the Jazz Age.

    The 2435th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Gentlemen Prefer Blondes: The Illuminating Diary of a Professional Lady by Anita Loos

    This book is a satirical novel that follows the adventures of a blonde flapper named Lorelei Lee, who uses her looks and charm to climb the social ladder. Lorelei, originally from Little Rock, Arkansas, is a materialistic and somewhat naive woman, who values men for their wealth and status. The story, presented as Lorelei's diary, humorously explores themes of gender, class, and the American pursuit of wealth and status in the early 20th century.

    The 749th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Professor's House by Willa Cather

    "The Professor's House" is a narrative revolving around a middle-aged professor who is struggling with a mid-life crisis. As he moves into a new home, he can't help but feel disconnected from his family and former life. His only solace is his unfinished study in his old house, where he spends most of his time. The book also explores his relationship with his former student, Tom Outland, whose story of discovering an ancient Native American settlement in the Southwest impacts the professor deeply. The novel explores themes of change, nostalgia, and the search for meaning in life.

    The 1203rd Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Artamonov Business by Maxim Gorky

    "The Artamonov Business" is a multi-generational saga that follows the rise and fall of a Russian family's business empire from the 1860s up to the Russian Revolution. The narrative explores the dynamics of the Artamonov family, their personal struggles, moral dilemmas, and the impact of their actions on those around them. The story also provides a critical examination of the socio-economic changes in Russia during this period, highlighting the transformation from a feudal society to a more capitalist one and the accompanying moral decay.

    The 1613th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Trial by Franz Kafka

    The book revolves around a bank clerk who wakes one morning to find himself under arrest for an unspecified crime. Despite not being detained, he is subjected to the psychological torment of a bizarre and nightmarish judicial process. The story is a critique of bureaucracy, exploring themes of guilt, alienation and the inefficiency of the justice system.

    The 39th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Counterfeiters by André Gide

    "The Counterfeiters" is a complex novel that explores themes of authenticity, morality, and identity, primarily through the lens of a group of friends in Paris. The story revolves around a series of counterfeit coins, which serve as a metaphor for the characters' struggles with their own authenticity and self-perception. The narrative also delves into the lives of the characters, their relationships, personal struggles, and their journey towards self-discovery. The book is noted for its non-linear structure and metafictional elements, with the author himself being a character in the story.

    The 261st Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald

    Set in the summer of 1922, the novel follows the life of a young and mysterious millionaire, his extravagant lifestyle in Long Island, and his obsessive love for a beautiful former debutante. As the story unfolds, the millionaire's dark secrets and the corrupt reality of the American dream during the Jazz Age are revealed. The narrative is a critique of the hedonistic excess and moral decay of the era, ultimately leading to tragic consequences.

    The 2nd Greatest Book of All Time
  • Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf

    The novel chronicles a day in the life of Clarissa Dalloway, a high-society woman in post-World War I England, as she prepares for a party she is hosting that evening. Throughout the day, she encounters various characters from her past, including a former suitor and a shell-shocked war veteran. The narrative jumps back and forth in time and in and out of different characters' minds, exploring themes of mental illness, existentialism, and the nature of time.

    The 37th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Chaka by Thomas Mofolo

    This novel explores the life of Chaka, a legendary leader in Southern Africa who turns into a tyrant due to his insatiable thirst for power. The narrative focuses on his rise to power, his strategic military genius which leads to the expansion of the Zulu Empire, and his eventual downfall due to his increasing brutality and madness. The story is a blend of historical fact and folklore, creating a complex portrait of a man driven by ambition and consumed by his own power.

    The 1521st Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Making of Americans by Gertrude Stein

    "The Making of Americans" is an experimental novel that explores the concept of identity and the human condition through the lens of two American families. The author uses repetitive and complex prose to delve into the intricacies of family dynamics, social status, and personal development. The narrative is less about plot progression and more about the philosophical exploration of what it means to be an American, offering a unique perspective on the cultural and psychological tapestry of the nation.

    The 992nd Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Murder of Roger Ackroyd by Agatha Christie

    In a small English village, a wealthy man named Roger Ackroyd is found dead, stabbed with a dagger. The victim's friend, a retired detective, comes out of retirement to solve the murder. The detective uncovers a web of deceit, blackmail, and hidden relationships among the victim's family and employees. The shocking twist ending reveals the unlikely murderer and the ingenious method used to commit the crime.

    The 260th Greatest Book of All Time
  • One, No One and One Hundred Thousand by Luigi Pirandello

    The book tells the story of a man who has his identity shattered when his wife casually notes that his nose tilts to the right, something he had never noticed before. This seemingly insignificant comment leads him into an obsessive quest to understand how he is perceived by others, and he gradually loses his sense of self as he fragments into a multitude of characters. The protagonist's existential crisis intensifies as he realizes that everyone he meets perceives him differently, leading him to question his own existence and ultimately, his sanity.

    The 1611th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Under Satan's Sun by Georges Bernanos

    "Under Satan's Sun" is a gripping narrative set in the rural French countryside, where a young, idealistic priest struggles with his faith and the harsh realities of his parishioners' lives. He battles against alcoholism, loneliness, and the indifference of his congregation. The novel explores the themes of faith, despair, and redemption, offering a profound and introspective look into the human condition and the challenges of spiritual leadership.

    The 1162nd Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Good Soldier Svejk by Jaroslav Hašek

    "The Good Soldier Svejk" is a satirical novel set during World War I, following the story of a Czech soldier in the Austro-Hungarian army. Svejk, the protagonist, is a simple-minded, good-natured man who is frequently arrested for bungling jobs due to his apparent idiocy. Despite his constant run-ins with authority, Svejk manages to maintain his cheerful disposition and even takes advantage of his perceived stupidity to manipulate the system. The book offers a humorous and critical perspective on the absurdity of war and the incompetence of military bureaucracy.

    The 242nd Greatest Book of All Time
About this list

The Book, 996 Books

A book edited by Peter Boxall, and written by over 100 hundred international critics.

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