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1. 1. The Aristotelian Tradition Of Natural Kinds And Its Demise

   

   This work traces the historical development of the Aristotelian notion of natural kinds—rooted in essentialist metaphysics and a taxonomy tied to forms—and explains how that tradition shaped scientific and philosophical thinking from antiquity through the medieval period; it then argues that a combination of methodological shifts (experimentalism and mechanistic explanation), conceptual advances (notably evolutionary biology and modern chemistry), and epistemological critiques gradually undermined essentialist accounts, leading to the decline of the Aristotelian framework and prompting contemporary reconceptions of what counts as a natural kind.

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