Modern Tragedy by Raymond Williams

Reinterprets tragedy as a historically grounded, social experience rather than a fixed literary form, showing how modern conflicts of agency, responsibility, and power generate tragic situations in both drama and public life. It critiques formalist and purely psychological accounts, emphasizing the roles of economic and political structures in shaping suffering and moral choice. Through analyses of plays and public events such as revolutions and crises, it argues that tragic understanding endures as a vital resource for recognizing human limits and collective possibilities in modern society.

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