Primitive Mentality by Lucien Lévy-Bruhl

An influential anthropological study proposing that many non-Western societies operate with a “prelogical” mode of thought shaped by mystical participation and collective representations, allowing apparent contradictions and intertwining causality, identity, and moral order; drawing on travelers’ and missionaries’ reports, it contrasts this mentality with Western rationalism and explores how belief, ritual, and social bonds organize experience while acknowledging the limits of such generalizations.

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