Constructing Quarks by Ernest Pickering

A Sociological History of Particle Physics

A sociological history of particle physics that traces how the quark concept and related frameworks emerged from the interplay of theory, experiment, and community dynamics in the 1960s and 1970s. It follows rival research programs—S-matrix and bootstrap approaches, Regge theory, the quark and parton models, and the rise of quantum chromodynamics—alongside evolving accelerator and detector practices. Rather than treating discoveries as straightforward readings of nature, it shows how evidence, credibility, and consensus were constructed through negotiation, instrumentation, and shifting standards.