The Dark Side Of Democracy by Michael Mann

Explaining Ethnic Cleansing

Argues that ethnic cleansing and genocide can arise from modern democratic nation-building when the ideal of popular sovereignty fuses with ethnic nationalism, enabling majorities to exclude, expel, or annihilate minorities during crises. Using comparative cases such as the Armenians, the Holocaust, the Balkans, and Rwanda, it identifies conditions—contested sovereignty, radicalizing elites, polarized civil society, paramilitary mobilization, and mid-level state capacity—that escalate violence. The result is a portrait of “murderous cleansing” as a tragic byproduct of modernity rather than ancient hatreds or uniquely totalitarian regimes.

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