Institutions And The Path To The Modern Economy by Mark Greif

Lessons from Medieval Trade

A study of how economic and political institutions shaped the transition from medieval trade to modern market economies, emphasizing the move from personal, reputation-based exchange to impersonal, contract-enforced transactions. Using historical case studies and game-theoretic reasoning, it explains how norms, legal rules, and organizations co-evolve to address problems of commitment and enforcement. It shows why societies followed different development paths and how specific institutional configurations enabled Europe’s rise to sustained growth.