The Ritual Process by Victor Turner

Structure and Anti-Structure

A study of how rituals, especially rites of passage, move participants through liminal phases in which ordinary hierarchies are suspended, fostering a powerful sense of communitas. It argues that this liminal “anti-structure” both challenges and renews social order, enabling transformation and eventual reintegration. Through analyses of symbolic action and social dramas, it shows how ritual processes resolve conflict, generate solidarity, and catalyze cultural change.

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