Structural Stability And Morphogenesis by René Thom

An Outline of a General Theory of Models

A foundational exposition of catastrophe theory, showing how structural stability and singularity theory explain abrupt qualitative changes that emerge from smooth parameter variation. It classifies the elementary catastrophes and uses geometric and topological models to account for bifurcations and the formation of stable forms, with examples spanning biology, physics, and the social sciences. It also probes the methodological and philosophical stakes of modeling morphogenesis through generic structures robust under perturbation.

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