The Anatomy Of Fascism by Michael Paxton

A historical analysis that defines fascism by how it functions rather than by a fixed doctrine, portraying it as a mass, ultra-nationalist, anti-liberal movement that grows in times of crisis through street violence, emotional mobilization, and charismatic leadership. It traces recurring stages from movement formation to seizure of power, consolidation, and radicalization, emphasizing opportunistic alliances with conservative elites and the use of coercion, myth, and perpetual mobilization to reshape society. Using case studies centered on Italy and Germany with comparative examples, it shows how local contexts shaped different outcomes and underscores the roles of paramilitaries, business interests, bureaucracies, and ordinary citizens, concluding with indicators for recognizing similar dynamics in contemporary politics.