The Health Gap by Michael Marmot

The Challenge of an Unequal World

Explores why people in poorer social positions live shorter, less healthy lives than those higher up the social ladder, showing that health is shaped by the conditions in which we are born, grow, live, work, and age. Drawing on global evidence, it reveals a social gradient in health that runs across entire societies, not just the very poor, and argues that these gaps are avoidable and unjust. It outlines practical, proportionate strategies to reduce inequalities—investing in early childhood, fair education, decent work, income security, and supportive communities—alongside giving people more control over their lives. The result is a call for policies that place social justice at the heart of public health.

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