Leaderless Jihad by Marc Sageman

Terror Networks in the Twenty-First Century

Explores how the contemporary jihadist threat has shifted from a hierarchical organization to a decentralized, bottom-up phenomenon driven by small, self-organized groups and individuals linked by friendship, kinship, and online ties. Using case studies, it outlines a common pathway to violence—moral outrage refracted through a militant worldview, validated by peers, and activated by opportunity—while challenging assumptions that poverty or mental illness are primary drivers. It recommends restrained, community-focused countermeasures that address grievances, disrupt enabling social networks, and avoid overreactions that strengthen extremist narratives.

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