The Failure Of Political Islam by Olivier Roy

Surveying Islamist movements across the Middle East and beyond, this analysis argues that turning religious revival into state power has largely failed: a modern ideological project shaped by the nation-state and globalization, Islamism fractures in practice into uneasy pragmatism, apolitical pietism, or fringe militancy, leaving a depoliticized, deterritorialized religiosity and identity politics rather than a coherent model of governance.

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