India And The Hellenistic World by Hannu Karttunen

A historical study of contacts between South Asia and the Greek-speaking kingdoms from Alexander’s campaigns to the early Common Era, it traces diplomacy, warfare, and long-distance trade alongside the movement of people and ideas. Drawing on Greco-Roman and Indian texts, inscriptions, coins, and archaeology, it reassesses the Indo-Greek presence in Bactria and northwestern India, the Maurya–Seleucid relationship, and the emergence of hybrid cultural zones. It highlights how perceptions were formed on both sides and how selective exchanges—especially in astronomy and astrology, art, and political concepts—both enabled and constrained cross-cultural understanding.