Epicurus And His Gods by André-Jean Festugière

A rigorous study of Epicurean theology, explaining how the gods—immortal, perfectly blissful, and detached from the world—serve as ethical models rather than providential powers. Drawing on ancient testimonies and later Epicurean texts, it examines prolepsis and eidola to account for belief in divine beings while denying their intervention in human affairs, clarifies the school’s critique of superstition and fear, and explores the tension between the gods’ ontological status and their practical role in securing ataraxia within Hellenistic religious culture.

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