The Balance Of Power In World History by Stuart J. Kaufman

A comparative study of international systems across eras—from the ancient Near East to classical China and India, the Mediterranean, and medieval to early modern Europe—demonstrating that enduring balances among great powers are historically uncommon and highly contingent. Through cross-regional case studies, it shows why some systems collapsed into empire while others sustained multipolar rivalry, emphasizing how geography, military technology, state capacity, ideology, and institutions shape alignment choices such as balancing, bandwagoning, and accommodation, and arguing that balance-of-power dynamics vary systematically rather than operating as a universal law.