On Human Conduct by Michael Oakeshott

A dense philosophical inquiry into human agency and political order, it distinguishes between associations oriented to collective purposes and a “civil association” structured by non-instrumental rules of law. It analyzes the logic of action and obligation, argues that laws function as adverbial conditions guiding conduct rather than commands toward substantive goals, and portrays the modern European state as a nomocratic framework that protects individual freedom by enabling persons to pursue self-chosen ends within a stable, predictable legal order.

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