The Fiat Standard by Saifedean Ammous

The Debt Slavery Alternative to Human Civilization

The book argues that modern fiat money, created and controlled by governments and central banks, systematically distorts economic incentives by enabling inflation, chronic debt expansion, and financialization, which in turn promote short-termism, malinvestment, political centralization, and imperial ambitions; it traces the historical shift from commodity-backed money to fiat and critiques how that shift has harmed savings, investment discipline, and individual sovereignty, while proposing a return to sound, hard money (exemplified by Bitcoin or gold) to restore market discipline and healthier economic outcomes.