The Institution Of Science by Scott Alexander

A reflective analysis of science as a human institution that explains how its successes and failures stem from incentives, social norms, and organizational structures rather than from pure rationality; it surveys problems like publication bias, low-powered studies, p-hacking, and replication failures, and argues for practical reforms—pre-registration, open data, stronger replication incentives, and changes to peer review and reward systems—to better align individual motivations with collective truth-seeking and improve the reliability of scientific knowledge.