Rawls's 'A Theory Of Justice' by Charlie Lovett

A foundational work in political philosophy that introduces the idea of “justice as fairness,” using a hypothetical original position in which rational agents choose principles of justice behind a veil of ignorance; this yields two core principles: equal basic liberties for all, and social and economic inequalities arranged so they benefit the least advantaged and are attached to offices open to everyone under fair equality of opportunity. The argument shows how these principles should structure the basic institutions of society, defends them against utilitarian and entitlement-based views, and develops the method of reflective equilibrium to justify moral and political judgments.