Long Before Luther by Nathan Busenitz

This concise study examines medieval theological writings and challenges the common portrayal of the Middle Ages as uniformly endorsing a works-based soteriology, arguing that important elements of the classical Protestant doctrine of justification—including forensic accounts of justification and an emphasis on pardon and faith—can be traced in patristic and scholastic sources; it surveys the historical development and historiography to suggest continuity between medieval thought and later Reformation formulations rather than a complete theological rupture.

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