No Excuses by Stephan Thernstrom

Closing the Racial Gap in Learning

Argues that persistent achievement gaps between racial and ethnic groups are driven more by family structure, early childhood environment, and cultural expectations than by school funding alone; using test data and case studies, it challenges explanations that emphasize poverty or systemic bias and calls for higher academic standards, stricter discipline, stronger teacher accountability, targeted early interventions, and expanded school choice to raise performance for disadvantaged children.