Two Powers In Heaven by Eric Segal

Early Rabbinic Reports about Christianity and Gnosticism

A scholarly study that examines rabbinic reports about a contested idea of “two powers in heaven,” arguing these passages reflect Jewish responses to early Christian and Gnostic claims and were used as polemics to defend strict monotheism. Through close readings of Talmudic and related literature, the work reconstructs interactions between Jews, Christians, and Gnostics in Late Antiquity and shows how those encounters shaped rabbinic theology and Jewish identity.

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