Why We Lost by Daniel P. Bolger

A General's Inside Account of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars

A candid, insider critique arguing that failures in Iraq and Afghanistan stemmed less from battlefield bravery than from flawed strategy, poor political guidance, and institutional blind spots: ill-defined objectives, paralysis between military and civilian agencies, an overreliance on 20th-century tactics and metrics, insufficient forces and training for stability operations, and a failure to understand and win local populations. The book contends that contradictory policies, corruption, and short-term thinking undercut reconstruction and counterinsurgency efforts, and calls for honest lessons, better civil-military integration, and reforms in doctrine and leadership to avoid repeating the same mistakes.

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