Muhammad And The Believers by Fred M. Donner

At the Origins of Islam

This scholarly work reconstructs the emergence of early Islam as a broad “believers’” movement defined primarily by shared monotheistic convictions rather than by a fixed ethnic or legal identity; using early Muslim and non-Muslim sources, the author argues that the first community included diverse adherents and viewed itself as part of a wider Judeo-Christian-Islamic monotheistic covenant, and that only over time — through political consolidation, scriptural formation, and institutional development — did a distinct, exclusive Muslim identity and canonized tradition coalesce.

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