The Origins Of European Dissent by R.I. Moore

The book argues that medieval European “heresy” was often less a purely theological phenomenon than a form of social and political dissent rooted in popular and communal practices; ecclesiastical and secular authorities increasingly defined, prosecuted, and suppressed a wide range of rural and urban protests—egalitarian communal movements, anti-clerical sentiment, millenarian currents and other marginal forms of religiosity—as heretical, and in doing so developed institutional mechanisms of control (inquisitions, legal procedures and cooperation between church and state) that helped consolidate orthodox identity and strengthen emerging forms of centralized authority.

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