A Divider, Not A Uniter by Gary C. Jacobson

Through quantitative analysis of elections, campaign messaging, and public opinion, the book argues that George W. Bush’s presidency both reflected and intensified partisan polarization in the United States. It traces how electoral incentives, partisan sorting, policy choices, and rhetorical appeals to the Republican base widened ideological gaps between parties, altered voting patterns across regions and demographics, and reshaped institutional incentives in Congress. While situating this presidency within longer-term structural shifts, the author contends that its strategies and governing style helped harden partisan identities and make compromise more difficult.