The Open Society And Its Enemies, Volume One by Karl Popper

The Spell of Plato

A rigorous critique of ancient political thought that traces how the search for a perfect, timeless social order leads to authoritarian prescriptions, arguing that Plato’s defense of philosopher-rulers, rigid social hierarchies, and the subordination of individuals to a collective ideal lays intellectual groundwork for totalitarianism; the work attacks the notion that history unfolds by deterministic laws and defends critical, incremental reform and individual freedom against sweeping utopian engineering.

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