Le Capitalisme Historique by Immanuel Wallerstein

The book argues that capitalism is not a timeless or natural economic order but a historically specific, world-scale system that emerged in early modern Europe and reorganized production, social relations, and political authority around profit and market exchange; using a world-systems perspective it traces how core–periphery divisions, long-term cycles of accumulation and crisis, and state formation have co-evolved to produce persistent inequalities and shape modern social life, showing capitalism’s structural dynamics and the possibilities for change.

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