Os Bestializados by José Murilo de Carvalho

O Rio de Janeiro e a República que não foi

A detailed political and social study of late-19th-century Rio de Janeiro that shows the 1889 proclamation of the Republic to have been an elite-driven rupture which largely bypassed, mystified, and even manipulated the urban popular classes — the so-called “bestializados.” Drawing on newspapers, police reports, and other archival sources, the book reconstructs popular rituals, rumors, press influence, patronage networks and everyday life to argue that the new regime was formal and elite-centered rather than the broad popular transformation its promoters claimed, leaving many aspects of monarchical-era social relations and exclusion intact.