The Enlightenment, Volume 1 by Peter Gay

The Rise of Modern Paganism

A sweeping cultural and intellectual history of the 18th-century Enlightenment that traces how a diverse group of thinkers and institutions embraced reason, skepticism, and the new sciences to challenge religious dogma and traditional authority; it examines the social settings—salons, coffeehouses, the press, and academies—where ideas circulated, the encyclopedists’ efforts to systematize knowledge, and the movement’s promotion of tolerance, individual liberty, and a secular, pleasure-tolerant sensibility that reshaped European thought and laid conceptual groundwork for modernity.

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