Intellectuals And Race by Thomas Sowell

The Use and Abuse of Intelligence

A careful critique of how public intellectuals shape racial discourse and policy by privileging grand theories and moral convictions over empirical evidence, leading to persistent policy errors and unintended consequences; the book examines historical data and contemporary examples to argue that cultural, economic, and institutional factors — not just discrimination — help explain group disparities, and warns that policies crafted without attention to incentives, trade-offs, and real-world outcomes often harm those they intend to help.