Standing At Armageddon by Nell Irvin Painter

The United States, 1877–1919

A sweeping, interpretive history of the United States from the end of Reconstruction through World War I that centers ordinary people's experiences as industrialization, urbanization, mass immigration, and political reform remade the nation. It traces grassroots movements—labor organizing, women's activism, Black resistance—and the white supremacist backlash, showing how promises of democracy and equality were contested and often denied amid rising capitalism and racial violence. The book argues these decades set the terms of modern America, culminating in wartime mobilization and racialized repression that left unresolved contradictions carried into the 20th century.

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