A young Andalusian shepherd named Santiago dreams of finding a worldly treasure and sets off on a journey across the Egyptian desert in search of it. Along the way, he encounters a series of characters who impart wisdom and help guide his spiritual journey. The novel explores themes of destiny, personal legend, and the interconnectedness of all things in the universe. The boy learns that true wealth comes not from material possessions, but from self-discovery and attaining one's "Personal Legend".

This book presents a series of sermons that challenge the traditional religious understanding of the time. The author argues that the word of God should not be confined to the Bible alone, but should also include the divine revelation through Jesus Christ. He emphasizes the importance of faith and the need for a personal relationship with God, while criticizing the church for its institutionalization and its focus on rituals and dogma. The book is considered a cornerstone in the development of neo-orthodox theology.