The Ethics Of Belief by William Kingdon Clifford

This essay argues that forming beliefs without sufficient evidence is a moral wrong because beliefs guide actions and affect others. Through examples like a negligent shipowner, it shows how wishful thinking and credulity endanger lives and corrupt the social fabric. It defends a duty of inquiry, intellectual honesty, and accountability in belief-formation, insisting that responsible investigation and continual testing of claims are obligations we owe to ourselves and society.

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