Progress And Its Problems by Larry Laudan

Toward a Theory of Scientific Growth

A philosophical analysis of scientific change that rejects both cumulative truth and paradigm-based relativism, proposing that progress is best understood as increased problem-solving effectiveness within competing research traditions. It distinguishes empirical from conceptual problems and evaluates traditions by how many significant problems they solve relative to the new difficulties they generate. Through historical case studies, it offers a pragmatic, comparative account of rational theory choice and scientific growth without presuming convergence on truth.

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