German Ideology by C.J. Arthur

This work articulates the materialist conception of history, arguing that the mode of production and the division of labor shape social relations, institutions, and consciousness. It critiques the Young Hegelian tradition for treating ideas as autonomous, contending instead that ideology arises from and serves prevailing material interests. Through analyses of property forms, class relations, and the development from feudalism to capitalism, it explains how changes in productive forces drive social and political transformation, and it sketches the abolition of class antagonisms and the overcoming of alienation as the horizon of a communist society.

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