Hanunoo Agriculture by Jeff Conklin

A Report on an Integral System of Shifting Cultivation in the Philippines

An ethnographic and ecological study of the Hanunóo of Mindoro, detailing an integrated swidden farming system rooted in nuanced botanical and soil knowledge. It describes multicropping, fallow cycles, tool use, and ritual practices that coordinate cultivation with forest succession, demonstrating how biodiversity, tenure, and social life are woven into resilient, sustainable land use. The work challenges stereotypes of shifting cultivation as destructive by revealing its adaptive, conservation-oriented logic.