A Theory Of The Origin Of The State by Ilona Carneiro
Proposes a coercive model of early state formation in which population pressure interacting with environmental or social circumscription intensifies warfare; victorious groups then subjugate the defeated, consolidating authority and transforming autonomous communities into hierarchical chiefdoms and, ultimately, states. Rejecting purely voluntaristic or economic explanations, it argues that circumscription plus conflict are sufficient drivers of political centralization, illustrated through archaeological and ethnographic cases from constrained landscapes like river valleys and highland basins.
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