Hume by A. J. Ayer

This concise study surveys the Scottish philosopher’s empiricist program—distinguishing impressions from ideas, analyzing causation and the problem of induction, and probing the nature of the self, free will, morality, and religion—while explaining his skepticism about metaphysics and miracles. It clarifies the structure and force of his arguments, situates them in their historical context, and assesses their lasting impact on modern philosophy.