On Practice And Contradiction by Mao Zedong

The essay argues that genuine knowledge arises from practice and is confirmed through iterative cycles of action, reflection and further practice; it emphasizes that contradictions are universal and the driving force of development, so correctly identifying and treating different kinds of contradictions (antagonistic versus non-antagonistic) and analyzing concrete conditions are essential to solving problems; the piece links theory to mass-based action, stresses the materialist-dialectical method, and insists that transforming subjective understanding into objective effectiveness requires continual engagement with real-world practice.

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