A History Of Philosophy, Vol. 3 by Frederick Charles Copleston

A scholarly yet readable survey of early modern thought that situates the philosophical responses to the scientific revolution and maps the debates that shaped seventeenth‑century metaphysics and epistemology; it analyzes major figures such as Descartes, Hobbes, Spinoza and Leibniz, explicating their central doctrines—methodic doubt and dualism, materialist and political philosophy, monism, monads and pre‑established harmony—while assessing their arguments about knowledge, substance, God and the mind‑body relation, and showing how these treatments set the stage for subsequent developments in modern philosophy.

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