Arts: The Critics' Century 1900-2000
This is one of the 743 lists we use to generate our main The Greatest Books list.
-
Hamlet by William Shakespeare
The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
This classic play revolves around the young Prince of Denmark who is thrown into a state of emotional turmoil after his father's sudden death and his mother's quick remarriage to his uncle. The prince is visited by the ghost of his father who reveals that he was murdered by the uncle, prompting the prince to seek revenge. The narrative explores themes of madness, revenge, and moral corruption as the prince navigates the complex political and emotional landscape of the Danish court.
The 72nd Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
In Search of Lost Time by Marcel Proust
In Search of Lost Time is a monumental seven-volume novel about memory, desire, society, art, and the passage of time. Told through the narrator’s reflections on childhood, love, jealousy, social life, and artistic awakening, the work moves through France from the late nineteenth century into the early twentieth century, including the world of bourgeois families, aristocratic salons, the Dreyfus Affair, and World War I. It is especially famous for its treatment of involuntary memory, most notably the madeleine episode, and for its searching exploration of how time reshapes identity, love, and experience.
The 2nd Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
King Lear by William Shakespeare
This classic tragedy revolves around the aging King Lear, who decides to divide his kingdom among his three daughters based on their declarations of love for him. The two elder daughters, Goneril and Regan, flatter him with insincere praises, while the youngest, Cordelia, refuses to play the game and is disowned. As the king's sanity deteriorates, his kingdom falls into chaos under the rule of his deceitful elder daughters. The play explores themes of power, loyalty, madness, and justice, culminating in a tragic ending where almost all the main characters, including King Lear and Cordelia, die.
The 131st Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel García Márquez
This novel is a multi-generational saga that focuses on the Buendía family, who founded the fictional town of Macondo. It explores themes of love, loss, family, and the cyclical nature of history. The story is filled with magical realism, blending the supernatural with the ordinary, as it chronicles the family's experiences, including civil war, marriages, births, and deaths. The book is renowned for its narrative style and its exploration of solitude, fate, and the inevitability of repetition in history.
The 5th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde
A Trivial Comedy for Serious People
This comedic play revolves around two protagonists who both use the pseudonym "Ernest" to escape their social obligations. Their plans unravel when they fall in love and their betrothed women reveal they are only willing to marry men named Ernest. The situation is further complicated by a case of mistaken identity, a lost handbag, and a surprising revelation about one of the protagonist's parentage. The play uses wit and humor to satirize the social conventions of Victorian England, particularly the importance placed on trivialities.
The 1381st Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
The Tempest by William Shakespeare
"The Tempest" is a classic play about a sorcerer and rightful Duke of Milan who has been stranded on an island for 12 years with his daughter after being betrayed by his brother. Using his magical powers and the help of an airy spirit, he conjures a storm to shipwreck his brother and other enemies on the island. The narrative explores themes of revenge, power, magic, and forgiveness as the sorcerer manipulates events on the island to regain his dukedom and secure a good future for his daughter.
The 211th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen
This classic play focuses on the life of Nora Helmer, a woman living in a seemingly perfect marriage with her husband, Torvald. However, as the story unfolds, it becomes clear that Nora has been hiding a significant secret related to their finances. The revelation of this secret, and the subsequent fallout, challenges societal norms and expectations of the time, particularly in regards to gender roles and the institution of marriage. Nora's eventual decision to leave her husband and children in pursuit of her own independence serves as a powerful commentary on individual freedom and self-discovery.
The 422nd Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
A Humument by Tom Phillips
A Treated Victorian Novel
The book is a unique artistic endeavor that transforms a Victorian novel into a visual and textual masterpiece. Through a process called "treatment," each page of the original text is altered with vibrant illustrations, collages, and overlays, creating a new narrative and meaning. The work explores themes of language, art, and interpretation, inviting readers to engage with the interplay between text and image. The result is a dynamic and ever-evolving piece that challenges traditional notions of literature and art.
The 5516th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce
This novel is a semi-autobiographical account of a young man's intellectual and artistic development in late 19th-century Ireland. The protagonist struggles with issues of identity, faith, and nationality, ultimately rejecting the traditional values of his Catholic upbringing to pursue his own path as an artist. The book is renowned for its innovative narrative style and its exploration of themes such as individuality, freedom, and the nature of art.
The 89th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy
Set in 19th-century Russia, this novel revolves around the life of Anna Karenina, a high-society woman who, dissatisfied with her loveless marriage, embarks on a passionate affair with a charming officer named Count Vronsky. This scandalous affair leads to her social downfall, while parallel to this, the novel also explores the rural life and struggles of Levin, a landowner who seeks the meaning of life and true happiness. The book explores themes such as love, marriage, fidelity, societal norms, and the human quest for happiness.
The 10th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
Antony And Cleopatra by William Shakespeare
"Antony and Cleopatra" is a tragic play that delves into the tumultuous romance between Mark Antony, one of the three rulers of the Roman Empire, and Cleopatra, the seductive queen of Egypt. As Antony becomes increasingly entangled in Cleopatra's allure, he neglects his duties in Rome and faces political and military backlash. The play explores themes of love, power, and betrayal, culminating in both Antony and Cleopatra's tragic downfalls, marked by miscommunication and tragic self-destruction, ultimately highlighting the destructive consequences of their passionate yet volatile love affair.
The 1064th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
As You Like it by William Shakespeare
This classic play is a pastoral comedy set in the Forest of Arden, where the banished Duke Senior and his followers live in exile. The plot revolves around various forms of love and mistaken identities. The main character, Rosalind, is the Duke's daughter who disguises herself as a young man named Ganymede to escape her uncle's court. She falls in love with Orlando, who is also in exile, and through a series of comedic and romantic events, they end up together. The play is famous for its exploration of love, freedom, and life in nature.
The 1338th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
Ballet Shoes by Noel Streatfeild
A Story of Three Children on the Stage
"Ballet Shoes" is a charming tale of three adopted sisters, Pauline, Petrova, and Posy, living in 1930s London. Raised by their guardian Sylvia and her nurse Nana, the girls attend a performing arts academy where each discovers her unique talent. Pauline shows a knack for acting, Petrova has a passion for cars and machinery, while Posy is a natural ballet dancer. The story follows their struggles and triumphs as they strive to make their dreams come true, all while navigating the challenges of growing up.
The 761st Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
Death Of A Salesman by Arthur Miller
This classic play explores the life of a failing salesman who, in his quest for the American Dream, struggles with his relationships and his own sense of reality. The protagonist's life spirals into despair as he grapples with his unfulfilled ambitions, strained family dynamics, and ultimately, his own mortality. The narrative delves deep into the themes of identity, illusion, and the destructive nature of the American Dream.
The 426th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
Emma by Jane Austen
The novel revolves around Emma, a well-meaning but disaster-prone matchmaker, who ignores her own romantic feelings while setting out to find a suitor for her friend Harriet. Her efforts cause more problems than solutions as she leaves a trail of mishaps behind her. As her plans go awry, Emma realizes that she herself may be the one in love. The book is a classic exploration of social manners, love, and marriage in 19th-century England.
The 84th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
Great Expectations by Charles Dickens
A young orphan boy, living with his cruel older sister and her kind blacksmith husband, has an encounter with an escaped convict that changes his life. Later, he becomes the protégé of a wealthy but reclusive woman and falls in love with her adopted daughter. He then learns that an anonymous benefactor has left him a fortune, leading him to believe that his benefactor is the reclusive woman and that she intends for him to marry her adopted daughter. He moves to London to become a gentleman, but his great expectations are ultimately shattered when he learns the true identity of his benefactor and the reality of his love interest.
The 38th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
Gijsbrecht Van Aemstel by Joost van den Vondel
D'Ondergang van Amsterdam
The play is a classic Dutch tragedy that dramatizes the historical siege and fall of Amsterdam in the 14th century. It follows the titular character, a nobleman, as he grapples with betrayal, loss, and the struggle to protect his city from invaders. The narrative explores themes of loyalty, patriotism, and the tragic consequences of war, while incorporating elements of classical Greek tragedy. The work is noted for its rich language and dramatic intensity, reflecting the turbulent political and religious landscape of the time.
The 1582nd Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org -
Hangover Square by Patrick Hamilton
A Tale of Darkest Earl's Court
Set in 1939, on the eve of World War II, the novel follows George Harvey Bone, a lonely, alcoholic man living in London's Earl's Court, who is infatuated with a manipulative small-time actress, Netta. George suffers from a form of split personality disorder, which leads him into periods of 'dead moods' where he contemplates murdering Netta. The book paints a grim picture of pre-war London, filled with despair, failed ambitions, and the looming threat of a global conflict.
The 1332nd Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
Heartbreak House by George Bernard Shaw
A Fantasia in the Russian Manner on English Themes
Set against the backdrop of pre-World War I Britain, the play unfolds in the eccentric household of Captain Shotover, an old sea captain turned inventor. The narrative explores the lives and loves of the inhabitants of the so-called "Heartbreak House," who represent a microcosm of British society at the time. As they engage in witty banter and romantic entanglements, the characters remain blissfully unaware of the looming external threats that will soon engulf Europe. The play serves as a social critique, highlighting the idle, ineffective intellectualism and lack of moral direction among the British cultural elite, which Shaw saw as contributing to the country's decline and the catastrophic war on the horizon.
The 1785th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
If This Is a Man by Primo Levi
The Truce
This book is a deeply moving and insightful memoir of a survivor of Auschwitz, a Nazi concentration camp during World War II. The author, an Italian Jew, provides a detailed account of his life in the camp, the brutal conditions, the dehumanization, and the struggle for survival. The narrative is a profound exploration of the human spirit, resilience, and the will to live, despite unimaginable horror and suffering. It also raises profound questions about humanity, morality, and the capacity for evil.
The 125th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
Juno And The Paycock by Sean O'Casey
A Tragedy in Three Acts
The play is a tragicomedy set in the slums of Dublin during the Irish Civil War, focusing on the Boyle family. The father, known as "Captain" Jack Boyle, is a loquacious, self-deluded man who spends his time drinking and avoiding work, while his long-suffering wife, Juno, tries to maintain the household. Their lives are upended when they receive news of an unexpected inheritance, leading to false hopes and reckless spending. As the family's fortunes rise and fall amidst a backdrop of political turmoil and personal betrayals, the play explores themes of poverty, pride, and the illusion of escape from the hardships of working-class life.
The 1778th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
Medea by Euripides
"Medea" is a Greek tragedy that tells the story of Medea, a former princess of the "barbarian" kingdom of Colchis, and her husband Jason, who leave her to marry Glauce, the daughter of Creon, king of Corinth. In a fit of rage, Medea decides to take revenge on Jason by killing their children, Jason's new wife, and her father, King Creon. The play explores themes of revenge, women's rights, and the dangers of absolute power.
The 305th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
History of My Life by Giacomo Casanova
"History of My Life" is an autobiography of an Italian adventurer and author, who is best remembered for his often complicated and elaborate affairs with women. The book offers a fascinating insight into his life, travels, and encounters. It provides an intimate look at the social customs and life of the 18th century, as well as the author's personal philosophies on a variety of subjects, including love, luck, and the importance of maintaining a sense of humor.
The 370th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
Middlemarch by George Eliot
A Study of Provincial Life
Set in the fictitious English town of Middlemarch during the early 19th century, the novel explores the complex web of relationships in a close-knit society. It follows the lives of several characters, primarily Dorothea Brooke, a young woman of idealistic fervor, and Tertius Lydgate, an ambitious young doctor, who both grapple with societal expectations, personal desires, and moral dilemmas. Their stories intertwine with a rich tapestry of other townsfolk, reflecting themes of love, marriage, ambition, and reform, making a profound commentary on the human condition.
The 30th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
Our Mutual Friend by Charles Dickens
In this classic novel, a complex web of characters is spun around a central plot involving a mysterious inheritance. The narrative explores various themes such as love, greed, social class, and human nature, set against the backdrop of Victorian London. The story unfolds through the lives of numerous characters including a dust contractor, his charming daughter, a lawyer, a teacher, and a couple of greedy, scheming relatives, all of whom are connected by the mysterious fortune left by a deceased man to his estranged son, who is presumed drowned.
The 387th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
Roots by Arnold Wesker
A Play in Three Acts
The play explores the complexities of family dynamics and personal growth through the character of Beatie Bryant, a young woman who returns to her rural family home in Norfolk after living in London. As she reconnects with her family, Beatie struggles to reconcile her newfound ideas and aspirations, influenced by her relationship with her intellectual boyfriend, with the traditional and conservative values of her working-class background. The narrative delves into themes of identity, communication, and the transformative power of education and self-awareness, highlighting the tension between progress and tradition.
The 4699th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
Tender Is the Night by F. Scott Fitzgerald
Set in the French Riviera in the 1920s, the novel traces the tragic tale of a young psychiatrist, his beautiful wife, and the drama that unfolds amongst their circle of wealthy expatriate friends. The psychiatrist's wife suffers from mental illness, which leads to his own downfall as he struggles to keep his marriage intact and maintain his professional reputation. The narrative explores themes of wealth, love, desire, and the destructive power of obsession, painting a haunting portrait of the dark side of the glamorous Jazz Age.
The 166th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho
A young Andalusian shepherd named Santiago dreams of finding a worldly treasure and sets off on a journey across the Egyptian desert in search of it. Along the way, he encounters a series of characters who impart wisdom and help guide his spiritual journey. The novel explores themes of destiny, personal legend, and the interconnectedness of all things in the universe. The boy learns that true wealth comes not from material possessions, but from self-discovery and attaining one's "Personal Legend".
The 389th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
The Brothers Karamazov by Fyodor Dostoevsky
A Novel in Four Parts With Epilogue
This classic novel explores the complex, passionate, and troubled relationship between four brothers and their father in 19th century Russia. The narrative delves into the themes of faith, doubt, morality, and redemption, as each brother grapples with personal dilemmas and family conflicts. The story culminates in a dramatic trial following a murder, which serves as a microcosm of the moral and philosophical struggles faced by each character, and by extension, humanity itself.
The 18th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer
The Canterbury Tales is a collection of 24 stories that follows a group of pilgrims traveling from London to Canterbury to visit the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket. Told in Middle English, the tales are narrated by a diverse group of pilgrims, including a knight, a miller, a reeve, and a pardoner, who share their stories to pass the time during their journey. The tales, which range from chivalrous romances to bawdy fabliaux, provide a colorful, satirical, and critical portrayal of 14th century English society.
The 109th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
The Comedy Of Errors by William Shakespeare
The play is a farcical tale of mistaken identity and slapstick humor, revolving around two sets of identical twins who were separated at birth. As the twins unknowingly cross paths in the city of Ephesus, a series of comedic misunderstandings and chaotic situations ensue, involving wrongful accusations, wrongful beatings, and romantic mishaps. The confusion escalates until the twins finally come face to face, leading to a joyful reunion and the resolution of the tangled web of errors. The play explores themes of identity, family, and the nature of human folly, all wrapped in a lively and humorous narrative.
The 3926th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
The End of the Affair by Graham Greene
Set in London during and just after World War II, the novel revolves around a love affair between Maurice Bendrix, a writer, and Sarah Miles, the wife of a civil servant. The story is narrated by Bendrix, who is obsessed with Sarah and hires a private investigator to follow her when he suspects she's having another affair. The novel explores themes of love, hate, and the existence of God, with Sarah's faith playing a significant role in the narrative.
The 176th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald
Set in the summer of 1922, the novel follows the life of a young and mysterious millionaire, his extravagant lifestyle in Long Island, and his obsessive love for a beautiful former debutante. As the story unfolds, the millionaire's dark secrets and the corrupt reality of the American dream during the Jazz Age are revealed. The narrative is a critique of the hedonistic excess and moral decay of the era, ultimately leading to tragic consequences.
The 3rd Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan
From This World to That Which Is to Come
This Christian allegory follows a man named Christian on his journey from his hometown, the "City of Destruction," to the "Celestial City" on Mount Zion. Christian faces numerous obstacles and temptations along the way, including the Slough of Despond, Vanity Fair, and the Valley of the Shadow of Death. The narrative serves as a metaphor for the believer's journey from sin and despair to salvation and eternal life.
The 549th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
The Sun Is My Undoing by Marguerite Steen
A Novel of the Slave Trade
Set in the 18th century, the story follows the ambitious and tumultuous lives of the Spanish-born Velasco family, who rise to prominence in the British shipping industry. The narrative intricately weaves themes of love, betrayal, and the moral complexities of the slave trade, as the family's fortunes are shaped by their involvement in this dark enterprise. Through richly drawn characters and vivid historical detail, the novel explores the personal and societal costs of ambition and the relentless pursuit of power.
The 3926th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Amazon -
The Tailor Of Gloucester by Beatrix Potter
In this charming tale set in the town of Gloucester, a kind-hearted tailor is tasked with creating a magnificent coat for the mayor's wedding on Christmas morning. Unfortunately, he falls ill and is unable to complete the work. However, a group of grateful mice, whom he had previously spared from his cat, come to his aid. They work tirelessly through the night to finish the coat, leaving only a single buttonhole undone. The tailor awakens to find the beautiful garment completed, and the story concludes with a heartwarming celebration of kindness and gratitude.
The 3926th Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
Top Girls by Caryl Churchill
The play explores the challenges faced by women in the corporate world and society at large through the story of Marlene, a career-driven woman who has just been promoted to managing director at the Top Girls Employment Agency. The narrative delves into themes of feminism, class, and societal expectations as Marlene's success is juxtaposed with the lives of various historical and fictional women, who appear in a surreal dinner party scene, and the experiences of her own family, particularly her sister and her niece. The play critically examines the cost of Marlene's ambition and the sacrifices made by women who strive to break the glass ceiling, questioning the notion of what it means to be a "top girl" in a male-dominated world.
The 3942nd Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
Ulysses by James Joyce
Set in Dublin, the novel follows a day in the life of Leopold Bloom, an advertising salesman, as he navigates the city. The narrative, heavily influenced by Homer's Odyssey, explores themes of identity, heroism, and the complexities of everyday life. It is renowned for its stream-of-consciousness style and complex structure, making it a challenging but rewarding read.
The Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon -
Uncle Vanya by Anton Chekhov
Scenes from Country Life in Four Acts
"Uncle Vanya" is a play that explores the themes of existential boredom and human folly through the story of an elderly professor and his young wife visiting their rural estate run by the professor's brother-in-law, Vanya, and daughter, Sonya. The visit disrupts the monotonous life of the estate, leading to emotional chaos, unrequited love, and a failed murder attempt. The play ends with the departure of the professor and his wife, leaving Vanya and Sonya to return to their life of drudgery, finding solace in the hope of a better life in the afterlife.
The 1032nd Greatest Book of All TimePurchase from Bookshop.org or Amazon
The Observer (Newspaper), 39 Books
The original article, "Arts: The Critics' Century 1900-2000," posed the question, "What would you take with you from this millennium to the next?" to a group of notable individuals in the arts, inviting them to choose significant works that they couldn't imagine leaving behind. The full feature includes a diverse array of art forms, not limited to literature, covering pieces across mediums like visual art, music, and film. Here, however, only books and plays are listed from the original compilation. This list is ranked. The books mentioned the most are ranked the highest.
The selection represents contributions from well-known figures in literature, journalism, music, politics, and criticism, chosen for their prominent roles and influence in British arts and media. This distinguished group of voters includes: Dani Behr, David Lodge, Tracey Emin, David Bailey, Bobby Baker, Lynn Barber, Julie Burchill, Brenda Maddox, Fergal Keane, Joseph Corré, Margaret Forster, Will Self, Philip French, Deborah Moggach, Julie Myerson, Fiona Maddocks, Michael Arditti, Andrew Motion, Carol Shields, Rabbi Lionel Blue, Neil Spencer, Barbara Trapido, Malcolm Bradbury, Teresa Gorman, and Susannah Clapp.
This unique selection of critics and artists provides an eclectic view of the books and plays deemed essential for future generations. The list captures not only literary classics but also the perspectives of influential voices from the past century.
This list was originally published in 1999 and was added to this site over 1 year ago.
This list has a weight of 80%. To learn more about what this means please visit the Rankings page.
Here is a list of what is decreasing the importance of this list:
- List: only covers mostly "Western Canon" books
- List: only covers 100 years
- Voters: are mostly from a single country/location
If you think this is incorrect please contact us.
- Number of Voters:
- 25
- Voter Count Unknown:
- No
- Voter Names Unknown:
- No
- High Quality Source:
- No
- Location Specific:
- No
- Category Specific:
- No