The 100 Stories that Shaped the World

This is one of the 759 lists we use to generate our main The Greatest Books list.

About this list

BBC, 100 Books

In 2019, BBC Culture conducted a global poll to identify the most influential fictional stories that have transcended generations and cultures to shape society. They surveyed 108 experts—including authors, academics, journalists, critics, and translators—from 35 different countries. Each was asked to nominate up to five fictional works that they felt had significantly impacted mindsets or influenced history. The resulting list encompassed novels, poems, folk tales, and dramas in 33 languages, including ancient ones like Sumerian and K’iche'. Homer's "Odyssey" topped the list, highlighting its enduring presence in global storytelling. Other notable works included "Uncle Tom's Cabin" by Harriet Beecher Stowe, recognized for its role in shaping political thought in the U.S. The initiative aimed to spark conversation about why certain stories endure and how they continue to resonate, inspiring change and transcending divisions across time and space.

This list was originally published in 2019 and was added to this site over 1 year ago.

View: List Grid Table
Rank Book Authors Year Country Language Actions
24 The Odyssey Homer -740 Greek Ancient greek
184 Uncle Tom's Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe 1852 American English
39 Frankenstein Mary Shelley 1818 British English
6 Nineteen Eighty Four George Orwell 1949 British English
60 Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebe 1958 Nigerian English
46 One Thousand and One Nights Unknown 800 Multiple Arabic
8 Don Quixote Miguel de Cervantes 1605 Spanish Spanish
71 Hamlet William Shakespeare 1600 British English
5 One Hundred Years of Solitude Gabriel García Márquez 1967 Colombian Spanish
37 The Iliad Homer -750 Greek Ancient greek
49 Beloved Toni Morrison 1987 American English
30 The Divine Comedy Dante Alighieri 1308 Italian Italian
337 Romeo and Juliet William Shakespeare 1597 British English
264 The Epic Of Gilgamesh Unknown -2100 Multiple Akkadian
236 Harry Potter And The Philosopher's Stone J. K. Rowling 1997 British English
132 The Handmaid's Tale Margaret Atwood 1985 Canadian English
1 Ulysses James Joyce 1922 Irish English
55 Animal Farm George Orwell 1945 British English
29 Jane Eyre Charlotte Brontë 1847 British English
20 Madame Bovary Gustave Flaubert 1857 French French
802 Romance of the Three Kingdoms Guanzhong Luo 1400 Chinese Chinese
367 Journey to the West Wu Cheng'en 1592 Chinese Chinese
11 Crime and Punishment Fyodor Dostoevsky 1866 Russian Russian
13 Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen 1813 British English
1151 The Water Margin Shi Naian 1370 Chinese Chinese
12 War and Peace Leo Tolstoy 1869 Russian Russian
16 To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee 1960 American English
158 Wide Sargasso Sea Jean Rhys 1966 British English
562 Aesop's Fables Aesop -560 Greek Ancient greek
80 Candide Voltaire 1759 French French
307 Medea Euripides -431 Greek Ancient greek
323 Mahabharata Vyasa -400 Indian Sanskrit
131 King Lear William Shakespeare 1608 British English
130 The Tale of Genji Murasaki Shikibu 1001 Japanese Classical japanese
282 The Sorrows of Young Werther Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1774 German German
21 The Trial Franz Kafka 1925 Czech German
2 In Search of Lost Time Marcel Proust 1913 French French
15 Wuthering Heights Emily Brontë 1847 British English
36 Invisible Man Ralph Ellison 1952 American English
7 Moby-Dick Herman Melville 1851 American English
68 Their Eyes Were Watching God Zora Neale Hurston 1937 American English
27 To the Lighthouse Virginia Woolf 1927 British English
1069 The True Story Of Ah Q Lu Xun 1922 Chinese Chinese
35 Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Lewis Carroll 1865 British English
10 Anna Karenina Leo Tolstoy 1877 Russian Russian
31 Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrad 1899 British English
3868 Monkey Grip Helen Garner 1977 Australian English
32 Mrs. Dalloway Virginia Woolf 1925 British English
106 Oedipus the King Sophocles -429 Greek Ancient greek
66 The Metamorphosis Franz Kafka 1915 Czech German
285 Oresteia Aeschylus -458 Greek Ancient greek
3424 Cinderella Unknown 23 Multiple French
748 Howl and Other Poems Allen Ginsberg 1956 American English
40 Les Misérables Victor Hugo 1862 French French
28 Middlemarch George Eliot 1871 British English
124 Pedro Páramo Juan Rulfo 1955 Mexican Spanish
5086 The Butterfly Lovers Unknown -389 Chinese Chinese
110 The Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucer 1400 British Middle english
563 Panchatantra Unknown -300 Multiple Sanskrit
301 The Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas Machado de Assis 1881 Brazilian Portuguese
169 The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie Muriel Spark 1961 British, Scottish English
492 The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists Robert Tressell, Peter Miles 1914 British English
1195 Song Of Lawino Okot P'Bitek 1966 Ugandan Acholi
61 The Golden Notebook Doris May Lessing 1962 British English
64 Midnight's Children Salman Rushdie 1981 Indian English
746 Nervous Conditions Tsitsi Dangarembga 1988 Zimbabwean English
44 The Little Prince Antoine de Saint-Exupéry 1943 French French
34 The Master and Margarita Mikhail Bulgakov 1967 Russian Russian
422 Ramayana Valmiki -200 Indian Sanskrit
125 Antigone Sophocles -441 Greek Ancient greek
53 Dracula Bram Stoker 1897 British English
363 The Left Hand Of Darkness Ursula K. Le Guin 1969 American English
216 A Christmas Carol Charles Dickens 1843 British English
5586 América y otros poemas Raúl Otero Reiche 1977 Bolivian Spanish
5135 Before The Law Franz Kafka 1915 Czech German
1232 Children of Gebelawi Naguib Mahfouz 1959 Egyptian Arabic
464 Petrarch's Songbook Francesco Petrarca 1341 Italian Italian
5135 Kebra Nagast Unknown 1350 Multiple Ge'ez
93 Little Women Louisa May Alcott 1868 American English
175 Metamorphoses Ovid 8 Roman Latin
1270 Omeros Derek Walcott 1990 Saint Lucian English
148 One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 1962 Russian Russian
95 Orlando Virginia Woolf 1928 British English
5135 The Story Of The Rainbow Serpent Unknown -2000 Australian Unknown
611 Revolutionary Road Richard Yates 1961 American English
69 Robinson Crusoe Daniel Defoe 1719 British English
1642 Song Of Myself Walt Whitman 1855 American English
22 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain 1884 American English
243 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Mark Twain 1876 American English
436 El Aleph Jorge Luis Borges 1949 Argentinian Spanish
5135 The Eloquent Peasant Unknown -1850 Egyptian Ancient egyptian
3464 The Emperor's New Clothes Hans Christian Andersen 1837 Danish Danish
183 The Jungle Upton Sinclair 1906 American English
5135 Poems Of Wine And Revelry Abu Nuwas 800 Multiple Arabic
199 The Radetzky March Joseph Roth 1932 Austrian German
3463 The Raven Edgar Allan Poe 1845 American English
534 Satanic Verses Salman Rushdie 1988 British English
279 The Secret History Donna Tartt 1992 American English
823 The Snowy Day Ezra Jack Keats 1962 American English
5135 Toba Tek Singh Saadat Hasan Manto 1955 Pakistani Urdu