The Problem Of Certainty In English Thought 1630 1690 by Henry G. van Leeuwen

A study of 17th-century England shows how demands for indubitable knowledge were reshaped by civil war, religious controversy, and the rise of experimental philosophy. Following thinkers from Hobbes and the Cambridge Platonists to Boyle, Glanvill, and Locke, it traces a shift from the quest for demonstrative certainty to the acceptance of moral certainty and probabilistic reasoning grounded in experiment and testimony. It situates epistemology within theological debates over assurance and the practices of the Royal Society, portraying a culture learning to manage limited certainty with new methods for credible belief.

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