The Emergence Of A Scientific Culture by Stephen Gaukroger

Science and the Shaping of Modernity, 1210–1685

Traces how, from the thirteenth to the late seventeenth century, natural inquiry in Europe was transformed into a culturally authoritative enterprise by weaving together scholastic philosophy, humanism, mathematics, mechanics, and emerging experimental practices. It shows how alliances with theology, moral and educational reform (including Jesuit pedagogy), and demonstrations of practical utility secured legitimacy, while figures like Galileo, Descartes, Boyle, and Huygens helped consolidate norms of method, evidence, and explanation. The result is a portrait of science’s rise as a sustained program that reshaped ideals of knowledge and defined key contours of early modern modernity.

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